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'''Did you know?''' |
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__NOCACHE__ |
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{{#switch: {{#expr: {{CURRENTTIMESTAMP}} mod 100}} |
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| 0 = {{:Definition:Bordereaux}} |
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| 1 = {{:Definition:Burning cost}} |
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| 2 = {{:Definition:Commutation (reinsurance)}} |
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| 3 = {{:Definition:Finite reinsurance}} |
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| 4 = {{:Definition:Fronting}} |
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| 5 = {{:Definition:Follow-the-fortunes}} |
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| 6 = {{:Definition:Cut-through clause}} |
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| 7 = {{:Definition:Binding authority}} |
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| 8 = {{:Definition:Clash cover}} |
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| 9 = {{:Definition:Attachment point}} |
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| 10 = {{:Definition:Exhaustion point}} |
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| 11 = {{:Definition:Reinstatement premium}} |
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| 12 = {{:Definition:Sliding-scale commission}} |
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| 13 = {{:Definition:Profit commission}} |
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| 14 = {{:Definition:Loss portfolio transfer}} |
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| 15 = {{:Definition:Adverse development cover (ADC)}} |
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| 16 = {{:Definition:Aggregate excess-of-loss reinsurance}} |
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| 17 = {{:Definition:Catastrophe excess-of-loss reinsurance}} |
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| 18 = {{:Definition:Per-risk excess of loss reinsurance}} |
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| 19 = {{:Definition:Risks-attaching basis}} |
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| 20 = {{:Definition:Losses-occurring basis}} |
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| 21 = {{:Definition:Claims-made trigger}} |
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| 22 = {{:Definition:Signing down}} |
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| 23 = {{:Definition:Sunset clause}} |
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| 24 = {{:Definition:Utmost good faith}} |
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| 25 = {{:Definition:Contra proferentem}} |
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| 26 = {{:Definition:Incurred but not reported (IBNR)}} |
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| 27 = {{:Definition:Bornhuetter-Ferguson method}} |
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| 28 = {{:Definition:Chain-ladder method}} |
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| 29 = {{:Definition:Stochastic reserving}} |
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| 30 = {{:Definition:Loss development triangle}} |
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| 31 = {{:Definition:Credibility factor}} |
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| 32 = {{:Definition:Allocated loss adjustment expense (ALAE)}} |
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| 33 = {{:Definition:Unallocated loss adjustment expense (ULAE)}} |
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| 34 = {{:Definition:Experience modification factor}} |
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| 35 = {{:Definition:Industry loss warranty (ILW)}} |
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| 36 = {{:Definition:Sidecar (reinsurance)}} |
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| 37 = {{:Definition:Collateralized reinsurance}} |
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| 38 = {{:Definition:Catastrophe bond (CAT bond)}} |
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| 39 = {{:Definition:Retrocession}} |
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| 40 = {{:Definition:Surplus share reinsurance}} |
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| 41 = {{:Definition:Surplus strain}} |
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| 42 = {{:Definition:Surplus relief}} |
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| 43 = {{:Definition:Funds withheld reinsurance}} |
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| 44 = {{:Definition:Modified coinsurance}} |
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| 45 = {{:Definition:Coinsurance penalty}} |
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| 46 = {{:Definition:Anti-concurrent causation clause}} |
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| 47 = {{:Definition:Continuous trigger}} |
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| 48 = {{:Definition:Efficient proximate cause}} |
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| 49 = {{:Definition:Horizontal exhaustion}} |
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| 50 = {{:Definition:Vertical exhaustion}} |
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| 51 = {{:Definition:Sue and labor clause}} |
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| 52 = {{:Definition:Honorable engagement clause}} |
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| 53 = {{:Definition:Hours clause}} |
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| 54 = {{:Definition:Batch clause}} |
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| 55 = {{:Definition:Aggregation clause}} |
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| 56 = {{:Definition:Omnibus clause}} |
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| 57 = {{:Definition:Running down clause}} |
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| 58 = {{:Definition:Warehouse-to-warehouse clause}} |
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| 59 = {{:Definition:General average}} |
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| 60 = {{:Definition:Particular average}} |
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| 61 = {{:Definition:Constructive total loss}} |
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| 62 = {{:Definition:York-Antwerp Rules}} |
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| 63 = {{:Definition:Protection and indemnity (P&I)}} |
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| 64 = {{:Definition:Demand surge}} |
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| 65 = {{:Definition:Social inflation}} |
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| 66 = {{:Definition:Nuclear verdict}} |
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| 67 = {{:Definition:Silent cyber}} |
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| 68 = {{:Definition:Affirmative cyber coverage}} |
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| 69 = {{:Definition:Parametric insurance}} |
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| 70 = {{:Definition:Embedded insurance}} |
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| 71 = {{:Definition:Takaful}} |
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| 72 = {{:Definition:Bancassurance}} |
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| 73 = {{:Definition:Microinsurance}} |
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| 74 = {{:Definition:Captive insurance company}} |
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| 75 = {{:Definition:Cell captive}} |
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| 76 = {{:Definition:Protected cell company (PCC)}} |
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| 77 = {{:Definition:Reciprocal insurance exchange}} |
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| 78 = {{:Definition:Risk retention group (RRG)}} |
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| 79 = {{:Definition:Lloyd's syndicate}} |
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| 80 = {{:Definition:Reinsurance to close (RITC)}} |
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| 81 = {{:Definition:Equitas}} |
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| 82 = {{:Definition:Funds at Lloyd's (FAL)}} |
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| 83 = {{:Definition:Syndicate-in-a-box (SIAB)}} |
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| 84 = {{:Definition:Part VII transfer}} |
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| 85 = {{:Definition:Solvent scheme of arrangement}} |
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| 86 = {{:Definition:Run-off (insurance)}} |
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| 87 = {{:Definition:Demutualization}} |
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| 88 = {{:Definition:Depopulation program}} |
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| 89 = {{:Definition:Probable maximum loss (PML)}} |
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| 90 = {{:Definition:Exceedance probability curve (EP curve)}} |
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| 91 = {{:Definition:Realistic disaster scenario (RDS)}} |
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| 92 = {{:Definition:Monte Carlo simulation}} |
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| 93 = {{:Definition:Copula}} |
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| 94 = {{:Definition:Bühlmann model}} |
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| 95 = {{:Definition:Cape Cod method}} |
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| 96 = {{:Definition:Extra-contractual obligation (ECO)}} |
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| 97 = {{:Definition:Loss in excess of policy limits (XPL)}} |
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| 98 = {{:Definition:Doctrine of reasonable expectations}} |
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| 99 = {{:Definition:Longevity swap}} |
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== 📚 biz/books == |
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{{Main Page/biz/books}} |
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<div style="text-align: right;"> |
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[[biz/books|see more ▸]] |
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</div> |
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== 🧑💼 biz/people == |
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[[List of CEOs of CAC 40 companies|<u>'''CEOs of CAC 40 companies'''</u>]] / discover the portraits of the captains of French industry. |
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<div style="text-align: right;"> |
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[[biz/people|see more ▸]] |
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</div> |
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{{Section separator}} |
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== 🎭 biz/fun == |
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[[CEO jokes|<u>'''CEO jokes'''</u>]] / take things lightly and laugh at the biggest boss. |
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<div style="text-align: right;"> |
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[[biz/people|see more ▸]] |
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</div> |
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{{Section separator}} |
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== 🌐 biz/spaces == |
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[[biz/books]] · [[biz/fun]] · [[biz/people]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:46, 12 March 2026
Did you know?
✍️ Signing down is the process by which the written lines on a slip in subscription markets such as Lloyd's are proportionally reduced so that the total matches 100% of the placement. When a broker markets a risk and receives support from multiple underwriters, the combined lines written often exceed the amount of capacity actually needed — a condition known as oversubscription. Signing down resolves this by scaling each participant's share downward by a uniform percentage.
🔢 In practice, suppose a broker places a risk and the lead underwriter writes 25% while several following underwriters collectively write another 95%, bringing the total to 120%. Since only 100% is required, every line is signed down proportionally — in this case by a factor of 100/120, or roughly 83.3%. The lead's line becomes approximately 20.8%, and each follower's share is reduced in the same ratio. This signing-down percentage is applied when the slip is converted into a formal policy or contract, and it directly affects the premium income, commission, and loss exposure each market bears.
📉 Signing down carries real commercial consequences that both brokers and underwriters must manage carefully. For underwriters, a higher-than-expected signing-down percentage means less premium volume than initially planned, which can disrupt portfolio construction and capacity utilization targets. For brokers, excessive oversubscription can signal inefficient marketing or can be used strategically to demonstrate strong market appetite to the insured. Monitoring signed-line versus written-line ratios is an important element of business planning at Lloyd's syndicates and other subscription market participants, and platforms like PPL have introduced greater transparency into this process.
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