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{{Insert quote panel
| {{Quote
| text = A good CEO is not a micromanager but a 'Chief Excitement Officer' or 'Engagement Officer'
| author = [[Thomas Buberl]], {{Thomas Buberl/attribution }}
}}
| image = thomas-buberl.jpg
}}{{section separator}}
 
== AXAAbout fundamentalsAXA ==
<div class="main-page-menu">
'''people''' ▸ &nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp; {{Inline expand |leading&nbsp;figures&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Claude Bébéar]]}} {{read|[[Henri de Castrie]]}} {{read|[[Thomas Buberl]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp; {{Inline expand |management&nbsp;committee&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[George Stansfield]]}} {{read|[[Guillaume Borie]]}} {{read|[[Patrick Cohen]]}} {{read|[[see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp; {{Inline expand |partners&nbsp;group&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Etienne Bouas Laurent]]}} {{read|[[Renaud Guidée]]}} {{read|[[Tara Foley]]}} {{read|[[see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
'''regions''' ▸{{Row header|overview&nbsp;{{!▸}}&nbsp; {{Inline expand |europe❘&nbsp;history&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[FranceHistory of AXA]]}} {{read|[[GermanyTimeline of AXA]]}} {{read|[[Switzerlandfinancial data]]}} {{read|[[Luxembourg]]}} {{readInline expand |❘&nbsp;purpose&nbsp;▸|[[Italy]]}} {{read|[[SpainVision]]}} {{read|[[UKMissions]]}} {{read|[[IrelandUnlock&nbsp;the&nbsp;future&nbsp;2026]]}} {{read|[[TurkeyAXA&nbsp;Foundation&nbsp;for&nbsp;Human&nbsp;Progress]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp; {{Inline expand |axa❘&nbsp;xlculture&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[XL BermudaValues]]}} {{read|[[XL ReinsuranceFeedback]]}} {{read|[[XL AmericaSmart&nbsp;working]]}} {{read|[[seeInclusion&nbsp;all&&nbsp;▸diversity]]|type=gray}} }}&nbsp;{{!read|[[Volunteering]]}} }}&nbsp; {{Inline expand |asia❘&nbsp;career&nbsp;&&nbsp;growth&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[JapanJob&nbsp;architecture]]}} {{read|[[Hong KongInternal&nbsp;mobility]]}} {{read|[[ChinaTotal&nbsp;rewards]]}} {{read|[[IndonesiaPersonalized&nbsp;development]]}} {{read|[[Thailand]]}} {{read|[[Philippines]]}} {{read|[[South Korea]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp; {{Inline expand |latin❘&nbsp;americacommitments&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[BrazilBusiness]]}} {{read|[[Colombia]]}} {{read|[[Mexico]]}} }}Climate&nbsp;{{!}}change&nbsp; {{Inline expand |transversals&&nbsp;▸|strategy]]}} {{read|[[AXA PartnersInclusive&nbsp;protection]]}} {{read|[[AXA GOResponsible&nbsp;corporation]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
{{Row header|people&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;leading&nbsp;figures&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Claude Bébéar]]}} {{read|[[Henri de Castries]]}} {{read|[[Thomas Buberl]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;board&nbsp;&&nbsp;committees&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Antoine Gosset-Grainville]]}} {{read|[[Guillaume Faury]]}} {{read|[[Angelien Kemna]]}} {{read|[[AXA Board of Directors|see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;management&nbsp;committee&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[George Stansfield]]}} {{read|[[Guillaume Borie]]}} {{read|[[Patrick Cohen]]}} {{read|[[AXA Management Committee|see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }}
 
{{Row header|business&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Europe&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[France]]}} {{read|[[Germany]]}} {{read|[[Switzerland]]}} {{read|[[Luxembourg]]}} {{read|[[Italy]]}} {{read|[[Spain]]}} {{read|[[UK]]}} {{read|[[Ireland]]}} {{read|[[Turkey]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;AXA&nbsp;XL&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[XL Bermuda]]}} {{read|[[XL Reinsurance]]}} {{read|[[XL America]]}} {{read|[[see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Asia&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Japan]]}} {{read|[[Hong Kong]]}} {{read|[[China]]}} {{read|[[Indonesia]]}} {{read|[[Thailand]]}} {{read|[[Philippines]]}} {{read|[[South Korea]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Latin&nbsp;America&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Brazil]]}} {{read|[[Colombia]]}} {{read|[[Mexico]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;transversals&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[AXA Partners]]}} {{read|[[AXA GO]]}} }}
 
{{Row header|results&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;press&nbsp;release&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[2025]]}} {{read|[[2024]]}} {{read|[[2023]]}} {{read|[[see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;analyst&nbsp;presentation&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[2025]]}} {{read|[[2024]]}} {{read|[[2023]]}} {{read|[[see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;financial&nbsp;supplement&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[2025]]}} {{read|[[2024]]}} {{read|[[2023]]}} {{read|[[see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;activity&nbsp;report&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[2025]]}} {{read|[[2024]]}} {{read|[[2023]]}} {{read|[[see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;annual&nbsp;report&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[2025]]}} {{read|[[2024]]}} {{read|[[2023]]}} {{read|[[see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;SFCR&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[2025]]}} {{read|[[2024]]}} {{read|[[2023]]}} {{read|[[see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }}
</div>
 
{{Row header|documents&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;group&nbsp;standards&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Communication, Brand, Reputation standard]]}} {{read|[[Sustainability standard]]}} {{read|[[Price Sensitive or Inside Information standard]]}} {{read|[[see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;group&nbsp;S2&nbsp;policies&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Group Internal Audit policy]]}} {{read|[[Group Compliance policy]]}} {{read|[[Group P&C Underwriting Pricing and Clams policy]]}} {{read|[[see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;others&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Group AI policy]]}} {{read|[[Group Sanctions Policy]]}} {{read|[[Group Anti-Money Laundering Policy]]}} {{read|[[see&nbsp;all&nbsp;▸]]|type=gray}} }}
== Insurance fundamentals ==
 
{{Row header|toolkits&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;projects&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Methodology]]}} {{read|[[Steering]]}} {{read|[[Business case builder]]}} {{read|[[Risk & issue mgmt]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;presentations&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Storylining]]}} {{read|[[Slide templates]]}} {{read|[[Asset library]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;procurement&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Supplier onboarding]]}} {{read|[[P2P process]]}} {{read|[[Contracting]]}} {{read|[[3rd party risk]]}} }}
 
{{section separator}}
 
== Markets, competitors & targets ==
<div class="main-page-menu">
{{Row header|MNC&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;multi-liners&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Allianz]]}} {{read|[[Zurich]]}} {{read|[[Generali]]}} {{read|[[Talanx]]}} {{read|[[MAPFRE]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;P&C&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Chubb]]}} {{read|[[AIG]]}} {{read|[[Travelers]]}} {{read|[[Liberty Mutual]]}} {{read|[[Tokio Marine]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Life&nbsp;&&nbsp;Health&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Bupa]]}} {{read|[[Prudential plc]]}} {{read|[[MetLife]]}} {{read|[[AIA Group]]}} {{read|[[Manulife]]}} }}
'''fundamentals''' ▸ &nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |risk&nbsp;basics&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Frequency vs severity]]}} {{read|[[Hazard, exposure, peril, loss]]}} {{read|[[Correlation and aggregation]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |how&nbsp;insurance&nbsp;works&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Pooling and risk transfer]]}} {{read|[[Indemnity vs benefits]]}} {{read|[[Premium now, claims later]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |incentives&nbsp;&&nbsp;frictions&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Adverse selection]]}} {{read|[[Moral hazard]]}} {{read|[[Information asymmetry]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |industry&nbsp;structure&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Insurers, mutuals, captives]]}} {{read|[[Brokers, MGAs, TPAs]]}} {{read|[[Reinsurers and retro]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |policy&nbsp;essentials&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Insurable interest, good faith]]}} {{read|[[Coverage, exclusions, conditions]]}} {{read|[[Limits and deductibles]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |core&nbsp;metrics&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Loss/expense/combined ratio]]}} {{read|[[Persistency and lapse]]}} {{read|[[Acquisition economics]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |time&nbsp;value&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Discounting]]}} {{read|[[Trend and social inflation]]}} {{read|[[Duration risk]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |cat&nbsp;&&nbsp;systemic&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Nat cat accumulation]]}} {{read|[[Pandemic risk]]}} {{read|[[Cyber contagion]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |role&nbsp;&&nbsp;trust&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Protection and resilience]]}} {{read|[[Fairness and inclusion]]}} {{read|[[Conduct and transparency]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
{{Row header|europe&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;France&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[Crédit Agricole Assurances]]}} {{read|[[CNP Assurances]]}} {{read|[[Groupama]]}} {{read|[[Crédit Mutuel Alliance Fédérale (GACM)]]}} {{read|[[BNP Paribas Cardif]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Germany&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[Allianz]]}} {{read|[[Munich Re (ERGO Group)]]}} {{read|[[Talanx (HDI)]]}} {{read|[[R+V Versicherung]]}} {{read|[[Generali Deutschland]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Switzerland&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[Schweizerische Mobiliar]]}} {{read|[[Zürich Versicherung (Zurich)]]}} {{read|[[Allianz Suisse]]}} {{read|[[Helvetia]]}} {{read|[[Bâloise (Basler)]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Luxembourg&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[Foyer Assurances]]}} {{read|[[LALUX (La Luxembourgeoise)]]}} {{read|[[Bâloise Assurances Luxembourg]]}} {{read|[[Allianz]]}} {{read|[[AIG]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Italy&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[Generali]]}} {{read|[[Intesa Sanpaolo Vita]]}} {{read|[[Poste Vita]]}} {{read|[[Allianz]]}} {{read|[[Unipol]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Spain&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[MAPFRE]]}} {{read|[[VidaCaixa (CaixaBank Group)]]}} {{read|[[Mutua Madrileña]]}} {{read|[[Allianz Seguros]]}} {{read|[[Grupo Catalana Occidente (GCO)]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;UK&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[Aviva]]}} {{read|[[Legal & General]]}} {{read|[[Prudential]]}} {{read|[[Zurich Insurance UK]]}} {{read|[[Allianz Insurance]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Ireland&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[Irish Life Group]]}} {{read|[[Zurich Insurance plc (Ireland)]]}} {{read|[[Aviva Life & Pensions Ireland]]}} {{read|[[New Ireland Assurance]]}} {{read|[[Royal London Ireland]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Turkey&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[Türkiye Sigorta]]}} {{read|[[Allianz Sigorta]]}} {{read|[[Anadolu Sigorta]]}} {{read|[[Sompo Sigorta]]}} {{read|[[Aksigorta]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }}
'''products''' ▸ &nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |life&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Term, whole, UL]]}} {{read|[[Mortality and lapse]]}} {{read|[[Riders]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |health&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Medical vs income protection]]}} {{read|[[Group vs individual]]}} {{read|[[Utilization levers]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |annuities&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Immediate vs deferred]]}} {{read|[[Guarantees]]}} {{read|[[Longevity risk]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |group&nbsp;benefits&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Plan design]]}} {{read|[[Experience rating]]}} {{read|[[Renewals]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |personal&nbsp;lines&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Motor and home]]}} {{read|[[Rating factors]]}} {{read|[[Claims inflation]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |commercial&nbsp;lines&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Property and liability]]}} {{read|[[Limits and towers]]}} {{read|[[Risk engineering]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |specialty&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Marine/aviation/energy]]}} {{read|[[Financial lines]]}} {{read|[[Parametric]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |u/w&nbsp;governance&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Appetite and authority]]}} {{read|[[Quote to bind]]}} {{read|[[Portfolio steering]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |lifecycle&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Design and pricing]]}} {{read|[[Wording and filings]]}} {{read|[[Monitoring and remediation]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |policy&nbsp;admin&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Issuance and endorsements]]}} {{read|[[Billing]]}} {{read|[[Retention]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
{{Row header|reinsurance&nbsp;&&nbsp;bermuda&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Bermuda&nbsp;market&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[AXA XL]]}} {{read|[[XL Bermuda]]}} {{read|[[Everest Re]]}} {{read|[[RenaissanceRe]]}} {{read|[[Arch Capital (Arch Re)]]}} {{read|[[PartnerRe]]}} {{read|[[Aspen]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Global&nbsp;Re&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[XL Reinsurance]]}} {{read|[[Munich Re]]}} {{read|[[Swiss Re]]}} {{read|[[Hannover Re]]}} {{read|[[Berkshire Hathaway (reinsurance)]]}} {{read|[[SCOR]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }}
'''distribution&nbsp;&&nbsp;ops''' ▸ &nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |channels&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Agent/broker/bank]]}} {{read|[[Direct and digital]]}} {{read|[[Embedded and partners]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |sales&nbsp;&&nbsp;advice&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Needs and suitability]]}} {{read|[[Tools and disclosures]]}} {{read|[[Conversion levers]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |intermediary&nbsp;econ&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Commissions and clawbacks]]}} {{read|[[Conflicts control]]}} {{read|[[Delegated authority]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |onboarding&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[KYC/AML basics]]}} {{read|[[Fraud screening]]}} {{read|[[Consent and privacy]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |u/w&nbsp;ops&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[STP vs manual]]}} {{read|[[Evidence management]]}} {{read|[[QA and audits]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |claims&nbsp;ops&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[FNOL and triage]]}} {{read|[[Settlement and leakage]]}} {{read|[[Litigation and recovery]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |fraud&nbsp;mgmt&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Detection and SIU]]}} {{read|[[Provider fraud]]}} {{read|[[Recoveries]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |service&nbsp;model&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Shared services]]}} {{read|[[Outsourcing risk]]}} {{read|[[SLAs and outcomes]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |tech&nbsp;&&nbsp;data&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[PAS/claims/billing]]}} {{read|[[CRM and omni-channel]]}} {{read|[[Platforms and APIs]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |productivity&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Cost-to-serve]]}} {{read|[[Automation]]}} {{read|[[Ops KPIs]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
{{Row header|north&nbsp;america&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;United&nbsp;States&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[XL America]]}} {{read|[[Travelers]]}} {{read|[[Chubb]]}} {{read|[[Liberty Mutual]]}} {{read|[[Berkshire Hathaway]]}} {{read|[[Zurich]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }}
'''finance&nbsp;&&nbsp;actuarial''' ▸ &nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |pricing&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Expected loss and margin]]}} {{read|[[Credibility]]}} {{read|[[Price adequacy]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |reserving&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Case vs IBNR]]}} {{read|[[Triangles and diagnostics]]}} {{read|[[Reserve risk]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |life&nbsp;liabilities&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Assumptions and margins]]}} {{read|[[Options and behavior]]}} {{read|[[New business strain]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |reinsurance&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Proportional vs non-prop]]}} {{read|[[Retentions and limits]]}} {{read|[[Credit and collateral]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |alm&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Portfolio basics]]}} {{read|[[Duration and liquidity]]}} {{read|[[Credit risk]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |performance&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Underwriting result]]}} {{read|[[Operating vs net income]]}} {{read|[[Key ratios]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |accounting&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[IFRS 17]]}} {{read|[[IFRS 9]]}} {{read|[[Statutory bases]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |solvency&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Available vs required]]}} {{read|[[Economic capital]]}} {{read|[[Stress tests]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |steering&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Growth vs value]]}} {{read|[[Re-pricing actions]]}} {{read|[[Scenario planning]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |model&nbsp;gov&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Assumption control]]}} {{read|[[Validation]]}} {{read|[[Data governance]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
{{Row header|asia&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Japan&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[Nippon Life]]}} {{read|[[Dai-ichi Life]]}} {{read|[[Tokio Marine]]}} {{read|[[Sompo]]}} {{read|[[MS&AD (Mitsui Sumitomo)]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Hong&nbsp;Kong&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[HSBC Life (International)]]}} {{read|[[AIA International]]}} {{read|[[Prudential (HK) Life]]}} {{read|[[BOC Life]]}} {{read|[[Manulife (International)]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;China&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[China Life]]}} {{read|[[Ping An]]}} {{read|[[PICC (People’s Insurance Company of China)]]}} {{read|[[CPIC (China Pacific Insurance)]]}} {{read|[[New China Life]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Indonesia&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[Prudential Indonesia]]}} {{read|[[AIA Financial]]}} {{read|[[Manulife Indonesia]]}} {{read|[[Allianz Life Indonesia]]}} {{read|[[Sun Life Indonesia]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Thailand&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[AIA Thailand]]}} {{read|[[FWD Life Thailand]]}} {{read|[[Thai Life Insurance]]}} {{read|[[Muang Thai Life Assurance]]}} {{read|[[Allianz Ayudhya]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Philippines&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[Sun Life]]}} {{read|[[Pru Life U.K.]]}} {{read|[[Manulife]]}} {{read|[[AIA Philippines]]}} {{read|[[FWD]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;South&nbsp;Korea&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[Samsung Fire & Marine]]}} {{read|[[Hyundai Marine & Fire]]}} {{read|[[DB Insurance]]}} {{read|[[Meritz Fire & Marine]]}} {{read|[[KB Insurance]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }}
'''regulation&nbsp;&&nbsp;gov''' ▸ &nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
{{Inline expand |purpose&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Protection]]}} {{read|[[Stability]]}} {{read|[[Integrity]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Row header|latin&nbsp;america&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Brazil&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[BrasilSeg]]}} {{read|[[Bradesco Seguros]]}} {{read|[[SulAmérica]]}} {{read|[[Porto Seguro]]}} {{read|[[Caixa Seguridade]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Colombia&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[Grupo Sura]]}} {{read|[[Seguros Alfa]]}} {{read|[[Seguros Bolívar]]}} {{read|[[Allianz]]}} {{read|[[MAPFRE]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Mexico&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[market overview]]}} {{read|[[GNP Seguros]]}} {{read|[[MetLife México]]}} {{read|[[BBVA Seguros]]}} {{read|[[Banorte Seguros]]}} {{read|[[Quálitas]]}} {{read|[[see more]]}} }}
{{Inline expand |prudential&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Solvency II / RBC]]}} {{read|[[ORSA]]}} {{read|[[Supervisory reporting]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |conduct&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Product governance]]}} {{read|[[Claims standards]]}} {{read|[[Fair value]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |supervision&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Entity structures]]}} {{read|[[Intra-group flows]]}} {{read|[[Recovery and resolution]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |gov&nbsp;model&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Board oversight]]}} {{read|[[Three lines]]}} {{read|[[Internal audit]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |compliance&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[AML/CTF]]}} {{read|[[Sanctions]]}} {{read|[[Third-party risk]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |tax&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Premium taxes]]}} {{read|[[Deferred tax]]}} {{read|[[Cross-border issues]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |esg&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Underwriting and investment]]}} {{read|[[Disclosures]]}} {{read|[[Transition risk]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |resilience&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Cyber security]]}} {{read|[[Operational resilience]]}} {{read|[[Data privacy]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |emerging&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Cyber and systemic]]}} {{read|[[Insurtech and embedded]]}} {{read|[[Alternative capital]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
</div>
 
{{section separator}}
== Competitors ==
 
== Trends, case studies & insights ==
<div class="main-page-menu">
{{Row header|strategic&nbsp;watch&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;trend&nbsp;radar&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Emerging risks]]}} {{read|[[Tech & AI watch]]}} {{read|[[Customer behavior]]}} {{read|[[Regulatory horizon]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;briefings&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Quarterly trend digest]]}} {{read|[[Competitor move summary]]}} }}
'''europe''' ▸ &nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
{{Inline expand |france&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Crédit Agricole Assurances]]}} {{read|[[CNP Assurances]]}} {{read|[[Groupama]]}} {{read|[[Crédit Mutuel Alliance Fédérale (GACM)]]}} {{read|[[BNP Paribas Cardif]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Row header|capital&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;M&A&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Generali–Cattolica (2022)]]}} {{read|[[Allianz–Aviva Poland (2021)]]}} {{read|[[Chubb–Cigna A&H APAC (2022)]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;carve-outs&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[AIG → Corebridge IPO (2022)]]}} {{read|[[Prudential → Jackson demerger (2021)]]}} {{read|[[Allianz sells UniCredit Allianz Vita stake (2025)]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;buybacks&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Allianz €1.5bn buybacks (2024)]]}} {{read|[[Zurich CHF 1.1bn buyback (2024)]]}} {{read|[[Travelers $5.04bn repurchase capacity (end-2024)]]}} }}
{{Inline expand |germany&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Allianz]]}} {{read|[[Munich Re (ERGO Group)]]}} {{read|[[Talanx (HDI)]]}} {{read|[[R+V Versicherung]]}} {{read|[[Generali Deutschland]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
{{Inline expand |switzerland&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Schweizerische Mobiliar]]}} {{read|[[Zürich Versicherung (Zurich)]]}} {{read|[[Allianz Suisse]]}} {{read|[[Helvetia]]}} {{read|[[Bâloise (Basler)]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Row header|risk&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;cyber&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Zurich–Mondelez NotPetya settlement (2022)]]}} {{read|[[Merck vs Ace (war exclusion rejected, 2023)]]}} {{read|[[Lloyd’s “state-backed” cyber exclusions (from 2023)]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Cat&nbsp;&&nbsp;ILS&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Allianz €250m windstorm cat bond (2023)]]}} {{read|[[Munich Re retro + sidecars ($1.55bn, 2025)]]}} {{read|[[Hannover Re cloud-outage cat bond (2024)]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;BI&nbsp;disputes&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[FCA BI test case (UKSC, 2021)]]}} {{read|[[ExCel Centre appeal win (UK CA, 2024)]]}} {{read|[[UK CA on furlough set-offs (2025)]]}} }}
{{Inline expand |luxembourg&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Foyer Assurances]]}} {{read|[[LALUX (La Luxembourgeoise)]]}} {{read|[[Bâloise Assurances Luxembourg]]}} {{read|[[Allianz]]}} {{read|[[AIG]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
{{Inline expand |italy&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Generali]]}} {{read|[[Intesa Sanpaolo Vita]]}} {{read|[[Poste Vita]]}} {{read|[[Allianz]]}} {{read|[[Unipol]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Row header|tech&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;claims&nbsp;AI&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Allianz “Insurance Copilot” (auto claims, 2024)]]}} {{read|[[Zurich AI claims escalation prediction (2024)]]}} {{read|[[Chubb + Cytora claims doc automation (2024)]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;GenAI&nbsp;assistants&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[AllianzGPT (internal, 2025)]]}} {{read|[[Generali KAssis (claims knowledge, 2025)]]}} {{read|[[Generali “Chatty” (customer chatbot, 2023–24)]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;telematics&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Progressive Snapshot (UBI, 2011)]]}} {{read|[[Generali–Telepass “Next” (2022)]]}} {{read|[[Allianz–Ticker pay-per-mile (2025)]]}} }}
{{Inline expand |spain&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[MAPFRE]]}} {{read|[[VidaCaixa (CaixaBank Group)]]}} {{read|[[Mutua Madrileña]]}} {{read|[[Allianz Seguros]]}} {{read|[[Grupo Catalana Occidente (GCO)]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
{{Inline expand |uk&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Aviva]]}} {{read|[[Legal & General]]}} {{read|[[Prudential]]}} {{read|[[Zurich Insurance UK]]}} {{read|[[Allianz Insurance]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Row header|distribution&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |ireland❘&nbsp;bancassurance&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[IrishAllianz–UniCredit Lifeframework Group(2022)]]}} {{read|[[ZurichZurich–Santander InsuranceLatAm JV + 25-year plctie-up (Ireland2011)]]}} {{read|[[AvivaBNP LifeParibas &↔ PensionsAgeas Ireland/ AG Insurance reshuffle (2025)]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;embedded&nbsp;platforms&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[NewChubb IrelandStudio AssuranceAI embedded engine (2025)]]}} {{read|[[RoyalZurich Londonbuys IrelandAIG Travel + merges with Cover-More (2024)]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!read|[[Munich Re buys relayr (2018)]]}}&nbsp; }}
 
{{Inline expand |turkey&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Türkiye Sigorta]]}} {{read|[[Allianz Sigorta]]}} {{read|[[Anadolu Sigorta]]}} {{read|[[Sompo Sigorta]]}} {{read|[[Aksigorta]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Row header|climate&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;coal&nbsp;&&nbsp;fossil&nbsp;rules&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Allianz coal phase-out thresholds (2025)]]}} {{read|[[Generali coal phase-out (2030/2040)]]}} {{read|[[Zurich “no new fossil” positioning]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;transition&nbsp;&&nbsp;resilience&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Zurich + Aon hydrogen insurance platform (2024)]]}} {{read|[[Generali expands oil/gas exclusions (2024)]]}} {{read|[[Swiss Re nat-cat loss benchmark (sigma 1/2024)]]}} }}
</div>
 
{{section separator}}
 
== Insurance academy ==
<div class="main-page-menu">
{{Row header|fundamentals&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;risk&nbsp;basics&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Frequency vs severity]]}} {{read|[[Hazard, exposure, peril]]}} {{read|[[Correlation & aggregation]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;how&nbsp;insurance&nbsp;works&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Pooling & risk transfer]]}} {{read|[[Indemnity vs benefits]]}} {{read|[[Premium now, claims later]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;incentives&nbsp;&&nbsp;frictions&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Adverse selection]]}} {{read|[[Moral hazard]]}} {{read|[[Information asymmetry]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;industry&nbsp;structure&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Insurers, mutuals, captives]]}} {{read|[[Brokers, MGAs, TPAs]]}} {{read|[[Reinsurers & retro]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;policy&nbsp;essentials&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Insurable interest, good faith]]}} {{read|[[Coverage, exclusions]]}} {{read|[[Limits & deductibles]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;core&nbsp;metrics&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Loss, expense, combined]]}} {{read|[[Persistency & lapse]]}} {{read|[[Acquisition economics]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;time&nbsp;value&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Discounting]]}} {{read|[[Trend & social inflation]]}} {{read|[[Duration risk]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Cat&nbsp;&&nbsp;systemic&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Nat Cat accumulation]]}} {{read|[[Pandemic risk]]}} {{read|[[Cyber contagion]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;role&nbsp;&&nbsp;trust&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Protection & resilience]]}} {{read|[[Fairness & inclusion]]}} {{read|[[Conduct & transparency]]}} }}
 
{{Row header|products&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;life&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Term, whole, UL]]}} {{read|[[Mortality & lapse]]}} {{read|[[Riders]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;health&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Medical vs income protection]]}} {{read|[[Group vs individual]]}} {{read|[[Utilization levers]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;annuities&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Immediate vs deferred]]}} {{read|[[Guarantees]]}} {{read|[[Longevity risk]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;group&nbsp;benefits&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Plan design]]}} {{read|[[Experience rating]]}} {{read|[[Renewals]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;personal&nbsp;lines&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Motor & home]]}} {{read|[[Rating factors]]}} {{read|[[Claims inflation]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;commercial&nbsp;lines&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Property & liability]]}} {{read|[[Limits & towers]]}} {{read|[[Risk engineering]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;specialty&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Marine, aviation, energy]]}} {{read|[[Financial lines]]}} {{read|[[Parametric]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;Underwriting&nbsp;gov&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Appetite & authority]]}} {{read|[[Quote to bind]]}} {{read|[[Portfolio steering]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;lifecycle&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Design & pricing]]}} {{read|[[Wording & filings]]}} {{read|[[Monitoring & remediation]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;policy&nbsp;admin&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Issuance & endorsements]]}} {{read|[[Billing]]}} {{read|[[Retention]]}} }}
 
{{Row header|distribution&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;channels&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Agent/broker/bank]]}} {{read|[[Direct & digital]]}} {{read|[[Embedded & partners]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;sales&nbsp;&&nbsp;advice&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Needs & suitability]]}} {{read|[[Tools & disclosures]]}} {{read|[[Conversion levers]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;intermediary&nbsp;econ&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Commissions & clawbacks]]}} {{read|[[Conflicts control]]}} {{read|[[Delegated authority]]}} }}
'''reinsurance&nbsp;&&nbsp;bermuda''' ▸ &nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |bermuda&nbsp;market&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[AXA XL]]}} {{read|[[XL Bermuda]]}} {{read|[[Everest Re]]}} {{read|[[RenaissanceRe]]}} {{read|[[Arch Capital (Arch Re)]]}} {{read|[[PartnerRe]]}} {{read|[[Aspen]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |global&nbsp;re&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[XL Reinsurance]]}} {{read|[[Munich Re]]}} {{read|[[Swiss Re]]}} {{read|[[Hannover Re]]}} {{read|[[Berkshire Hathaway (reinsurance)]]}} {{read|[[SCOR]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
{{Row header|operations&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;onboarding&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[KYC/AML basics]]}} {{read|[[Fraud screening]]}} {{read|[[Consent & privacy]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;underwriting&nbsp;ops&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[STP vs manual]]}} {{read|[[Evidence mgmt]]}} {{read|[[QA & audits]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;claims&nbsp;ops&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[FNOL & triage]]}} {{read|[[Settlement & leakage]]}} {{read|[[Litigation & recovery]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;fraud&nbsp;mgmt&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Detection & SIU]]}} {{read|[[Provider fraud]]}} {{read|[[Recoveries]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;service&nbsp;model&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Shared services]]}} {{read|[[Outsourcing risk]]}} {{read|[[SLAs & outcomes]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;tech&nbsp;&&nbsp;data&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[PAS, claims, billing]]}} {{read|[[CRM & omni-channel]]}} {{read|[[Platforms & APIs]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;productivity&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Cost-to-serve]]}} {{read|[[Automation]]}} {{read|[[Ops KPIs]]}} }}
'''north&nbsp;america''' ▸ &nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |united&nbsp;states&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[XL America]]}} {{read|[[Travelers]]}} {{read|[[Chubb]]}} {{read|[[Liberty Mutual]]}} {{read|[[Berkshire Hathaway]]}} {{read|[[Zurich]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
{{Row header|finance&nbsp;&&nbsp;actuarial&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;pricing&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Expected loss & margin]]}} {{read|[[Credibility]]}} {{read|[[Price adequacy]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;reserving&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Case vs IBNR]]}} {{read|[[Triangles & diagnostics]]}} {{read|[[Reserve risk]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;life&nbsp;liabilities&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Assumptions & margins]]}} {{read|[[Options & behavior]]}} {{read|[[New business strain]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;reinsurance&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Proportional vs non-prop]]}} {{read|[[Retentions & limits]]}} {{read|[[Credit & collateral]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;ALM&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Portfolio basics]]}} {{read|[[Duration & liquidity]]}} {{read|[[Credit risk]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;performance&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Underwriting result]]}} {{read|[[Operating vs net income]]}} {{read|[[Key ratios]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;accounting&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[IFRS 17]]}} {{read|[[IFRS 9]]}} {{read|[[Statutory bases]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;solvency&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Available vs required]]}} {{read|[[Economic capital]]}} {{read|[[Stress tests]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;steering&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Growth vs value]]}} {{read|[[Re-pricing actions]]}} {{read|[[Scenario planning]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;model&nbsp;gov&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Assumption control]]}} {{read|[[Validation]]}} {{read|[[Data governance]]}} }}
'''asia''' ▸ &nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |japan&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Nippon Life]]}} {{read|[[Dai-ichi Life]]}} {{read|[[Tokio Marine]]}} {{read|[[Sompo]]}} {{read|[[MS&AD (Mitsui Sumitomo)]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |hong&nbsp;kong&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[HSBC Life (International)]]}} {{read|[[AIA International]]}} {{read|[[Prudential (HK) Life]]}} {{read|[[BOC Life]]}} {{read|[[Manulife (International)]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |china&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[China Life]]}} {{read|[[Ping An]]}} {{read|[[PICC (People’s Insurance Company of China)]]}} {{read|[[CPIC (China Pacific Insurance)]]}} {{read|[[New China Life]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |indonesia&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Prudential Indonesia]]}} {{read|[[AIA Financial]]}} {{read|[[Manulife Indonesia]]}} {{read|[[Allianz Life Indonesia]]}} {{read|[[Sun Life Indonesia]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |thailand&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[AIA Thailand]]}} {{read|[[FWD Life Thailand]]}} {{read|[[Thai Life Insurance]]}} {{read|[[Muang Thai Life Assurance]]}} {{read|[[Allianz Ayudhya]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |philippines&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Sun Life]]}} {{read|[[Pru Life U.K.]]}} {{read|[[Manulife]]}} {{read|[[AIA Philippines]]}} {{read|[[FWD]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |south&nbsp;korea&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Samsung Fire & Marine]]}} {{read|[[Hyundai Marine & Fire]]}} {{read|[[DB Insurance]]}} {{read|[[Meritz Fire & Marine]]}} {{read|[[KB Insurance]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
 
{{Row header|regulation&nbsp;&&nbsp;gov&nbsp;▸}} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;purpose&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Protection]]}} {{read|[[Stability]]}} {{read|[[Integrity]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;prudential&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Solvency II & RBC]]}} {{read|[[ORSA]]}} {{read|[[Supervisory reporting]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;conduct&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Product governance]]}} {{read|[[Claims standards]]}} {{read|[[Fair value]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;supervision&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Entity structures]]}} {{read|[[Intra-group flows]]}} {{read|[[Recovery & resolution]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;gov&nbsp;model&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Board oversight]]}} {{read|[[Three lines]]}} {{read|[[Internal audit]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;compliance&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[AML/CTF]]}} {{read|[[Sanctions]]}} {{read|[[Third-party risk]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;tax&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Premium taxes]]}} {{read|[[Deferred tax]]}} {{read|[[Cross-border issues]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;ESG&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Underwriting & investment]]}} {{read|[[Disclosures]]}} {{read|[[Transition risk]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;resilience&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Cyber security]]}} {{read|[[Operational resilience]]}} {{read|[[Data privacy]]}} }} {{Inline expand |❘&nbsp;emerging&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Cyber & systemic]]}} {{read|[[Insurtech & embedded]]}} {{read|[[Alternative capital]]}} }}
'''latin&nbsp;america''' ▸ &nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |brazil&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[BrasilSeg]]}} {{read|[[Bradesco Seguros]]}} {{read|[[SulAmérica]]}} {{read|[[Porto Seguro]]}} {{read|[[Caixa Seguridade]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |colombia&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[Grupo Sura]]}} {{read|[[Seguros Alfa]]}} {{read|[[Seguros Bolívar]]}} {{read|[[Allianz]]}} {{read|[[MAPFRE]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
{{Inline expand |mexico&nbsp;▸|{{read|[[GNP Seguros]]}} {{read|[[MetLife México]]}} {{read|[[BBVA Seguros]]}} {{read|[[Banorte Seguros]]}} {{read|[[Quálitas]]}} }}&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;
</div>
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