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{{Infobox company
| name = At-Bay
| legal_name = At-Bay, Inc.
| logo = at-bayLogo of At-logoBay.jpgsvg
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| imagetype = Private — insurtech full-stack E&S carrier
| image_sizeexchange =
| altticker =
| captionisin =
| typelei = Private
| license_type = Property & casualty insurance agency and surplus lines broker (all 50 states and D.C.)
| exchange =
| tickernpn =
| isin coverholder_ref =
| lei incorporation = Delaware
| founded = {{Start date and age|2016}}
| headquarter = San Francisco, United StatesCalifornia
| domicile = Delaware, United States(carrier)
| insurance_jurisdictions = United States (E&S; carrier licensed in 44 states)
| regulator =
| regulator = Delaware Department of Insurance
| ultimate_parent =
| shareholdersultimate_parent = At-Bay, Inc.
| shareholders = Lightspeed Venture Partners<br/>Khosla Ventures<br/>Icon Ventures<br/>Munich Re Ventures<br/>M12<br/>Qumra Capital<br/>Acrew Capital<br/>ION Crossover Partners
| key_people = Rotem Iram (CEO), Ari Fischel (CFO), Roman Itskovich (CRO)
| key_people = Rotem Iram, Co-founder and CEO<br/>Roman Itskovich, Co-founder and CRO<br/>Ken Riegler, President, Insurance Business<br/>Ari Fischel, CFO<br/>Ayelet Kutner, CTO<br/>Thom Dekens, Chief Business Officer and GM, Security Affiliate<br/>Tara Bodden, General Counsel and Head of Claims<br/>Joe Schiro, Chief HR Officer
| num_employees = 340+
| segmentsnum_employees = Insurance (MGA/Carrier), Cybersecurity Services300+
| customer_segments = SMB, mid-market, and enterprise (revenue up to $5B)
| products = Cyber Insurance, Technology E&O, Miscellaneous Professional Liability, Managed Detection & Response (MDR), At-Bay Stance security platform
| lines_of_business = Cyber<br/>Technology E&O<br/>MPL
| distribution = Wholesale brokers, online Broker Platform, API channels, embedded insurance partnerships
| segments = Insurance<br/>Cybersecurity services
| competitors = Coalition, Corvus (Travelers), Cowbell, Resilience
| products = Stance Exposure Management<br/>MDR / MXDR (via At-Bay Security, LLC)<br/>Security Report<br/>InsurSec packages
| market_share_rank = Ranked #4 among U.S. standalone cyber insurers by direct premium (2024)
| technology_platform = Stance (exposure management, scanning, monitoring, AI-powered alerts, vCISO advisors)
| financial_year =
| capacity_providers = At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company (own E&S carrier, AM Best A- stable)<br/>The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company (historical lead reinsurer)<br/>Trisura Specialty Insurance Company (historical fronting carrier)<br/>AXA SA (reinsurer)
| market_cap =
| distribution = Wholesale brokers<br/>Digital channels<br/>Relay (multi-carrier digital marketplace, acquired)
| revenue =
| geographic_markets = United States
| operating_income =
| ebitdanum_customers = Close =to 40,000 businesses
| net_incomecompetitors =
| total_assetsmarket_share_rank =
| net_debt financial_year = $0 (no known debt)
| equitymarket_cap =
| operating_marginrevenue =
| roe insurance_revenue =
| ratings operating_income = AM Best: A- (Excellent) (Stable)
| ebitda =
| footnotes = At-Bay is a private company and does not publicly disclose audited financial statements. Gross Written Premium managed was $380M+ as of FY2022. Last known valuation was $1.35 billion (July 2021).
| net_income = $1.29M (2023, carrier-level)
| gwp = $240M (2021 run-rate)<br/>$380M annual recurring GWP (January 2023)<br/>$154.5M (2023, carrier statutory-style)
| nwp =
| loss_ratio =
| combined_ratio = 98% (2023, carrier-level)
| commission_rate =
| total_assets =
| invested_assets =
| technical_reserves =
| csm =
| net_debt =
| equity =
| operating_margin =
| solvency_ratio =
| roe =
| total_funding = $292M
| last_round = Series D extension, $20M, October 2021
| last_valuation = $1.35B (July 2021)
| lead_investors = Lightspeed Venture Partners<br/>Khosla Ventures<br/>Icon Ventures<br/>Munich Re Ventures<br/>Qumra Capital
| capital_structure =
| ifsr = AM Best A- (stable, April 2023; reaffirmed August 2025)
| capacity_partner_ratings =
| ratings =
| footnotes = Financial figures mix company disclosures and statutory-style surplus lines reporting for the carrier; not audited group GAAP financials.
}}
{{Summary:At-Bay|5}}
 
{{More details}}
== Executive summary ==
 
🎯 This summary profiles At-Bay, Inc., a venture-backed cyber insurtech MGA transitioning to a full-stack carrier, covering its corporate structure, business model, financial trajectory, risk posture, governance, and capital history.
 
# '''Company profile:''' At-Bay, Inc. is a Delaware C-Corporation founded in 2016 by Rotem Iram (CEO) and Roman Itskovich (CRO) that operates as a cyber-focused MGA and, since January 2023, a wholly-owned carrier (At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company, AM Best A-). Headquartered in San Francisco with an R&D center in Tel Aviv, the company has raised $295.7 million across eight venture rounds and was valued at $1.35 billion following a July 2021 Series D. Key institutional backers include Lightspeed Venture Partners, Icon Ventures, Khosla Ventures, M12 (Microsoft), and Munich Re Ventures, with no single investor holding a disclosed controlling stake. As of 2025, At-Bay protects over 40,000 policyholders across more than 100 industries, monitors 1.5 million IT assets, and employs more than 340 people globally. Its broker portal has earned a 93 NPS — an exceptionally high satisfaction metric in insurance distribution.
 
# '''Business model:''' At-Bay operates a hybrid "InsurSec" model combining MGA insurance underwriting with proprietary cybersecurity services delivered through its At-Bay Stance platform. Core insurance products include Cyber Liability, Technology E&O, and Miscellaneous Professional Liability (MPL), the latter launched in 2022 with API-driven auto-quoting across 50+ business classes. Revenue is primarily commission-driven (estimated at 15–20% of Gross Written Premium), supplemented by contingent commissions earned when loss ratios stay below agreed thresholds and by embedded security fees bundled into select policies. Distribution relies on wholesale brokers via an online Broker Platform, supplemented by API integrations for programmatic quoting and an admitted cyber product available in 47 states for micro-SMEs. Strategic alliances with Microsoft (2021) and CrowdStrike (2023) extend reach into SMB cybersecurity ecosystems.
 
# '''Capacity structure and competitive position:''' At-Bay's capacity has evolved from a single carrier (HSB/Munich Re, A++ rated, 2017–2021) to a diversified multi-carrier panel, including Trisura Specialty as a fronting insurer (2022), a captive reinsurance subsidiary, and the company's own At-Bay Specialty carrier (A- rated, 2023). By 2024, At-Bay Specialty ranked fourth among U.S. standalone cyber insurers by direct premium written. Within the cyber insurtech peer group, Coalition remains the largest competitor with roughly double At-Bay's premium ($630M vs. $301M in 2023), while Corvus was acquired by Travelers and Cowbell lost a key capacity partner — both underscoring At-Bay's comparatively stronger execution. Differentiators include a ransomware claim frequency seven times lower than industry average, automated underwriting that quotes MPL in under two minutes, and an incentive structure offering enhanced coverage for insureds adopting recommended security controls.
 
# '''Performance drivers:''' Gross Written Premium grew explosively — from an estimated $40 million in 2020 to over $380 million by 2022, a trajectory fueled by new customer acquisition, aggressive capacity deployment during the hard market, and steep industry-wide rate increases. The policyholder count rose from approximately 5,000 in 2020 to 30,000 by year-end 2022 and has since surpassed 40,000. A standout driver is At-Bay's technical underwriting, which has produced gross loss ratios estimated at 30–40% against an industry peak of 75–100%; proactive vulnerability patching, rigorous risk selection, and efficient in-house claims handling are the root causes. Operational efficiency is notable at approximately $1.3 million in GWP per employee, achieved through automation and a platform that provides broker indications within minutes. These low losses prompted HSB to increase its quota share commitment in 2022 and earned At-Bay significant contingent commission income.
 
# '''Strategic priorities:''' At-Bay's forward strategy centers on deepening SME penetration through its admitted product and API distribution, expanding into adjacent specialty lines (potentially D&O or cyber fraud-related crime insurance), and optimizing full-stack carrier operations by gradually migrating more business onto its own balance sheet. Technology priorities include AI-enhanced threat intelligence and underwriting, expansion of the At-Bay Stance platform, and scaling MDR through automation. The company intends to diversify reinsurance partnerships (via Guy Carpenter), pursue embedded insurance deals with cloud providers or MSPs, and integrate with security vendors for co-marketing. A roadmap to EBITDA breakeven is implied by improving operating leverage and the hire of CFO Ari Fischel, whose background preparing Oscar Health for IPO signals public-market readiness.
 
# '''P&L trends:''' At-Bay's net revenues consist primarily of commission income, estimated at $57–76 million in 2022 based on $380 million GWP at a 15–20% commission rate, though no GAAP figures have been publicly disclosed. Expenses are dominated by people costs for 300+ employees in high-cost markets (San Francisco, New York, Tel Aviv), technology and R&D, and broker-related marketing. The company is likely not yet profitable on a consolidated basis given heavy growth-mode investment, with operating losses sustained by venture capital. However, unit economics are favorable: starting in 2023, the retained slice of business written through At-Bay Specialty could produce an estimated 75% combined ratio (35% loss ratio plus 40% expense ratio), yielding a 25% underwriting margin. AM Best expects underwriting and investment income to support surplus growth at the carrier through 2027, and the higher interest rate environment benefits the carrier's new bond portfolio.
 
# '''Balance sheet and liquidity:''' Prior to acquiring its carrier in 2023, At-Bay's balance sheet was essentially cash and equity from $295.7 million in cumulative venture funding. Post-2023, the consolidated balance sheet includes carrier assets (a conservative investment-grade bond portfolio, reinsurance recoverables, and premium receivables) alongside insurance liabilities (loss and LAE reserves, unearned premium), though the carrier's book remains heavily reinsured, keeping net liabilities limited. AM Best assessed At-Bay Specialty's risk-adjusted capitalization at the "strongest" level with balance sheet strength rated "Very Strong," and the company carries zero known debt. Short-term liquidity is described as "solid," with highly liquid assets and short-duration liabilities; free cash flow has been negative to date but the burn rate is manageable, as evidenced by no major equity raise since 2021. The trend is toward self-sustainability as commission revenues grow and the carrier generates investment income.
 
# '''Risk and compliance:''' The paramount risk is cyber catastrophe accumulation — a single systemic event (e.g., major cloud provider hack or widespread malware) causing simultaneous claims across the portfolio. At-Bay manages this through dependency monitoring, exposure caps, aggregate stop-loss reinsurance, and explicit ERM-level catastrophe modeling rated "appropriate" by AM Best. Additional risk categories include attritional loss volatility (average ransomware severity rose 47% for mid-sized firms in 2024), capacity provider withdrawal risk (mitigated by diversified carriers and own balance sheet), technology and data risk (SOC 2 certified; a breach of At-Bay's own systems would be reputationally existential), and regulatory risk from evolving privacy laws, potential ransom-payment bans, and OFAC compliance obligations. At-Bay Insurance Services LLC holds producer licenses in all 50 states and D.C., while At-Bay Specialty is eligible as a surplus lines insurer in 44 states and files NAIC annual statements under Delaware regulatory examination.
 
# '''Governance and ESG:''' Governance has matured from startup mode to near-public-company standards with the addition of independent directors Gregg Davis and Rob Glanville to At-Bay Specialty's board in 2023. The broader board includes founder-executives and investor representatives from Icon Ventures and Lightspeed, operating as a typical VC syndicate with no single investor holding overwhelming control. Management incentives are equity-driven, with vesting schedules and the prospect of an eventual liquidity event aligning interests toward profitability. At-Bay's ESG profile is positive but not heavily publicized: its environmental footprint is minimal as a software-centric firm, its social contribution lies in closing the cyber protection gap for SMBs, and no ESG controversies, regulatory fines, or data misuse incidents have been reported. The company contributes to industry transparency through semi-regular research publications including the InsurSec Report and Email Security Rankings.
 
# '''Capital actions:''' At-Bay has raised $295.7 million across eight equity rounds, progressing from a 2016–2017 seed (estimated $2–5 million) through Series A (2018), Series B (mid-2019, ~$13 million), Series C ($34 million, December 2020 with M12 joining), and the landmark $185 million Series D in July 2021 at a $1.35 billion valuation. A $20 million Series D extension from ION Crossover Partners followed in October 2021, and a minor $3.7 million round closed in September 2022 — the latter likely a strategic top-up rather than a cash-necessity raise. The investor syndicate spans top-tier VCs (Lightspeed, Khosla, Icon), corporate venture (M12/Microsoft, Munich Re Ventures), Israeli funds (Glilot, Qumra), and a crossover fund (ION), with Munich Re Ventures uniquely providing both equity capital and underwriting capacity via HSB. No further raises have occurred since 2022, suggesting At-Bay is managing within its existing war chest while preparing for an eventual IPO or other liquidity event.
 
# '''Key timeline:''' At-Bay's trajectory from founding to full-stack carrier spans roughly seven years of accelerating milestones. First policies were written in Q1 2019, followed by explosive premium growth (800% YoY by mid-2021) and the $1.35 billion unicorn-status Series D in July 2021. Structural evolution accelerated in January 2022 with the Trisura-fronted program and captive reinsurance formation, followed by the acquisition of an E&S carrier from AXA XL in January 2023 and an AM Best A- rating in April 2023. By 2024, At-Bay Specialty had risen to the fourth-largest U.S. standalone cyber insurer by direct premium, and the AM Best rating was reaffirmed in 2025. The company now protects over 40,000 policyholders, monitors 1.5 million IT assets, and employs 340+ staff — positioning it as a leading independent cyber insurer with a plausible path toward public markets.
 
More details are in the following sections.
 
{{Section separator}}
== CompanyCorporate profile and regulatory footprint ==
 
🏢 '''Legal entity.''' At-Bay, Inc. is a Delaware C-Corporation operating through two principal subsidiaries: At-Bay Insurance Services LLC (an MGA/insurance agency) and At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company (a wholly-owned carrier).<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.at-bay.com/about/ |publisher=At-Bay}}</ref> The company is a venture-backed insurtech focused on cyber insurance and security services, headquartered in San Francisco, California, with additional offices in New York, Atlanta, Chicago, Mountain View, Los Angeles (remote team), and an R&D center in Tel Aviv, Israel.<ref name="about"/>
 
🧑‍💼 '''Founding and leadership.''' At-Bay was established in 2016 by Rotem Iram (CEO) and Roman Itskovich (Chief Risk Officer), with the first insurance products launched in 2019.<ref name="about"/><ref name="seriesd_pr">{{cite web |title=Cyber Insurance Startup At-Bay Closes $185 Million Series D, Valuing Company at $1.35 Billion |url=http://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/series-d/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=2021-07-27}}</ref> Other key executives include Ken Riegler (President, Insurance), Ari Fischel (CFO, joined 2023),<ref name="ij_rating">{{cite web |title=AM Best Gives A- Rating to At-Bay Specialty; Fischel Hired as At-Bay CFO |url=https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2023/04/19/717263.htm |publisher=Insurance Journal |date=2023-04-19}}</ref> Ayelet Kutner (CTO), Tara Bodden (General Counsel & Head of Claims), Thom Dekens (Chief Business Officer & GM of Security), and Michael Drummond (Chief Underwriting Officer for Cyber/E&O).<ref name="about"/>
 
🏗️🏢 '''GroupParent structureand subsidiaries.''' At-Bay, Inc. is the parent entity.holding company of the At-Bay Insurancegroup, Servicesreferenced LLCin is a licensed property/casualty agency andstatutory surplus lines brokerreporting inand allcompany 50disclosures U.S.describing statesits and D.Csubsidiaries.<ref name="homepagefslso2024">{{cite web |title=At-Bay: CyberSpecialty Insurance &Company MDRInsurer SecurityFinancial PlatformReport |url=https://www.fslso.com/docs/default-source/uploadedfiles/reports/insurer-financial-reports/2q24-insurer-financial-reports/at-bay-specialty-insurance-company_19607_2q2024.com/pdf |publisher=AtFlorida Surplus Lines Service Office |access-Baydate=2026-03-09}}</ref> In January 2023, At-Bay acquiredInsurance aServices shellLLC insuranceis carriera fromproperty XLand Insurancecasualty (AXAinsurance XL)agency and renamedsurplus itlines At-Baybroker Specialtylicensed Insurancein Company,all an50 E&Sstates linesand insurerthe nowDistrict rated A- by AMof BestColumbia.<ref name="carrier_introatbay-website">{{cite web |title=Introducing At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company |url=https://www.at-bay.com/articles/introducing-at-bay-specialty-insurance-company/ |publisher=At-Bay |access-date=20232026-0103-2409}}</ref><ref name="ambest_initialatbay-licenses">{{cite web |title=AM Best Assigns Credit Ratings to At-Bay Specialty Insurance CompanyLicenses |url=https://newswww.ambestat-bay.com/newscontent.aspx?refnum=249043&altsrc=23licenses/ |publisher=AM BestAt-Bay |access-date=20232026-0403-1909}}</ref> At-Bay Security, LLC providesis a wholly owned subsidiary providing cybersecurity services (including MDR, and incident response), and thedoes firmnot formedprovide ainsurance captiveservices.<ref reinsurancename="atbay-overview">{{cite vehicleweb in|title=At-Bay 2022Company toOverview retain|url=https://www.at-bay.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/CompanyOverview2025Sept.pdf a|publisher=At-Bay portion|date=September of2025 underwriting risk.|access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref><ref name="trisura_launchatbay-expands">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Launches Trisura-FrontedExpands Cyber Programand asTech HSB Increases CapitalE&O CommitmentCoverage |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/at-bay-launches-trisura-frontedexpands-cyber-programtech-as-hsb-increases-capital-commitmentcoverage/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=2022June 2024 |access-date=2026-0103-1209}}</ref>
 
🏛️ '''Risk-bearing carrier.''' At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company is a Delaware-domiciled excess and surplus lines property and casualty carrier identified with NAIC number 19607 and FEIN 75-1221488.<ref name="fslso2024"/> The carrier was acquired from XL Insurance America, Inc. and is licensed in 44 states.<ref name="atbay-issuing">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Begins Issuing Policies on Its Own Paper |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/at-bay-begins-issuing-policies-on-its-own-paper/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=August 2023 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref><ref name="atbay-carrier-acq">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company Acquisition |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/at-bay-specialty-insurance-company/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=January 2023 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref> The carrier was formerly known as XL Select Insurance Company; Puerto Rico's insurance regulator issued a circular letter regarding the name change effective January 24, 2023.<ref name="fslso2024"/> The Delaware Department of Insurance published a notice of public hearing regarding the acquisition of control of XL Select Insurance Company by At-Bay, Inc.<ref name="delaware-doi">{{cite web |title=Public Hearing — Acquisition of Control of XL Select Insurance Company by At-Bay, Inc. |url=https://insurance.delaware.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2022/11/Public-Hearing-regarding-the-acquisition-of-control-of-or-Merger-with-XL-Select-Ins-Co-by-At-Bay-Inc.pdf |publisher=Delaware Department of Insurance |date=November 2022 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref>
💰 '''Ownership and investors.''' At-Bay remains privately held with total venture funding of $295.7 million across eight rounds.<ref name="about"/> Key institutional investors include Lightspeed Venture Partners, Icon Ventures, Khosla Ventures, M12 (Microsoft's fund), Munich Re Ventures (via HSB Fund), Acrew Capital, Glilot Capital, Qumra Capital, ION Crossover Partners, and cybersecurity entrepreneur Shlomo Kramer.<ref name="seriesd_ext">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Closes $20M Extension to Series D; Adds Investor ION Crossover Partners |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/at-bay-closes-20m-extension-to-series-d/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=October 2021}}</ref><ref name="seriesd_pr"/> The Series D round ($185M in July 2021) valued At-Bay at $1.35 billion, establishing unicorn status.<ref name="reuters_seriesd">{{cite web |title=Cyber insurance startup At-Bay raises $185 mln at $1.35 bln valuation |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/cyber-insurance-startup-at-bay-raises-185-mln-135-bln-valuation-2021-07-27/ |publisher=Reuters |date=2021-07-27}}</ref> Icon Ventures' Preeti Rathi and Lightspeed's Yoni Cheifetz joined the board during these financings, and independent directors Gregg Davis and Rob Glanville were added upon launching the carrier.<ref name="seriesd_pr"/><ref name="carrier_intro"/> No single investor has disclosed a controlling stake; the company remains founder-led.
 
📍 '''Domicile and offices.''' Multiple official documents identify Delaware as the domicile for the E&S carrier and Wilmington as the principal operating location.<ref name="fslso2024"/> The company maintains a globally distributed workforce with hubs in Atlanta, Chicago, New York City, San Francisco, and Tel Aviv.<ref name="atbay-overview"/>
📊 '''Scale.''' As of 2025, At-Bay protects over 40,000 policyholders across more than 100 industries, with policies ranging from small businesses to mid-market firms (up to approximately $5 billion in revenue).<ref name="homepage"/><ref name="about"/><ref name="overview_pdf">{{cite web |title=Company Overview |url=https://www.at-bay.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/CompanyOverview2025Sept.pdf |publisher=At-Bay}}</ref> The company monitors 1.5 million IT assets for cyber threats on an ongoing basis and has grown to over 340 employees globally.<ref name="about"/> At-Bay's broker portal earned a 93 NPS (Net Promoter Score) from brokers — an exceptionally high satisfaction metric in the insurance industry.<ref name="about"/>
 
{{Section separator}}
== BusinessLeadership modeland governance ==
 
👤 '''Co-founders.''' Rotem Iram (co-founder and CEO) previously served as Managing Director and COO at K2 Intelligence, worked at McKinsey & Company, and served as a captain in Unit 8200. He holds an MBA from Harvard Business School.<ref name="atbay-overview"/><ref name="cm2017">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Raises $6 Million Seed Round |url=https://www.carriermanagement.com/news/2017/11/16/173153.htm |publisher=Carrier Management |date=16 November 2017 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref> Roman Itskovich (co-founder and CRO) previously served as VP of Financial Products at Ebury, was on the investment team at Bain Capital, and worked at McKinsey. He holds a BA from Tel Aviv University and an MBA from Harvard Business School.<ref name="atbay-overview"/> Additional co-founders Etai Hochman and Tilli Kalisky-Bannett have been identified in business press but are no longer in active leadership roles.<ref name="globes2021">{{cite web |title=Insurtech co At-Bay reaches unicorn status in $185m raise |url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-insurtech-co-at-bay-reaches-unicorn-status-in-185m-raise-1001379675 |publisher=Globes |date=July 2021 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref>
=== Nature of operations ===
 
🏗️ '''Executive team.''' The leadership structure spans insurance and security operations. Ken Riegler serves as President of the insurance business, having previously served as AIG's President of North America General Insurance.<ref name="atbay-overview"/> Ari Fischel is CFO, with a prior CFO role at Capital Rx and finance leadership positions at Oscar Health, Nielsen, and General Electric.<ref name="atbay-overview"/><ref name="atbay-seriesd-ext">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Closes $20M Extension to Series D |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/at-bay-closes-20m-extension-to-series-d/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=October 2021 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref> Ayelet Kutner is CTO, having served as VP of Engineering at Forescout Technologies and head of platforms, SMB, and ICS products at Check Point Software Technologies.<ref name="atbay-overview"/> Thom Dekens is Chief Business Officer and GM of the security affiliate, with prior roles at Boston Consulting Group and in corporate development at Forescout.<ref name="atbay-overview"/>
🔄 '''Hybrid InsurSec model.''' At-Bay operates as a hybrid insurance provider and cybersecurity services firm under its proprietary "InsurSec" model. Revenue derives from managing insurance programs as an MGA — earning commission income and profit-sharing on premiums while partnering with carrier balance sheets for risk capacity — and from offering value-added cyber risk services.<ref name="seriesd_ext"/> Through its At-Bay Stance platform and MDR services, the company provides continuous network scanning, threat alerts, and incident response to clients, with some services available as standalone purchases by non-insurance clients.<ref name="homepage"/> The philosophy is that better cybersecurity reduces losses, creating a virtuous cycle for the insurance business.<ref name="seriesd_ext"/>
 
⚖️ '''Legal and people leadership.''' Tara Bodden is General Counsel and Head of Claims, previously SVP of Cyber/Technology/Media/Entertainment at Hiscox USA.<ref name="atbay-overview"/> Joe Schiro is Chief HR Officer, with a prior Head of People role at Tally.<ref name="atbay-overview"/>
=== Insurance offerings ===
 
📋 '''Board and governance.''' Preeti Rathi of Icon Ventures joined the board in conjunction with the Series D financing.<ref name="atbay-seriesd">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Raises $185 Million Series D |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/series-d/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=July 2021 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref> Gregg Davis and Rob Glanville joined the carrier as independent directors following its acquisition.<ref name="atbay-carrier-acq"/><ref name="atbay-overview"/> David Lockton has been referenced in board member or observer roles across At-Bay releases.<ref name="atbay-issuing"/>
🛡️ '''Cyber liability.''' At-Bay's underwriting focus is cyber liability insurance, often packaged with Technology Errors & Omissions (Tech E&O) and Miscellaneous Professional Liability (MPL). Cyber policies cover first-party incident costs (data breach response, ransomware payments, business interruption) and third-party liabilities (privacy lawsuits, regulatory fines), tailored for small and mid-sized enterprises with limits typically up to $5 million.<ref name="homepage"/> All policies are backed by active risk monitoring: At-Bay continuously scans insureds' systems for vulnerabilities and provides guidance to prevent claims before they occur.<ref name="about"/><ref name="homepage"/>
 
📋 '''MPL expansion.''' Launched in 2022, the Miscellaneous Professional Liability product covers a wide range of professional service businesses for negligence claims, providing up to $5 million in limits and distributed via API for rapid quotes.<ref name="coverager_mpl">{{cite web |title=At-Bay launches miscellaneous professional liability |url=https://coverager.com/at-bay-launches-miscellaneous-professional-liability/ |publisher=Coverager |date=2022}}</ref><ref name="bw_mpl">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Introduces Miscellaneous Professional Liability Insurance Though API Channel |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20221208005122/en/At-Bay-Introduces-Miscellaneous-Professional-Liability-Insurance-Though-API-Channel-with-Auto-Quotes-for-Businesses-with-Revenue-up-to-%2425M |publisher=BusinessWire |date=2022-12-08}}</ref> MPL leverages At-Bay's digital platform to instantly quote over 50 classes of business with revenues up to $25 million.<ref name="bw_mpl"/> Coverage may be enhanced for customers who adopt certain security measures, such as policy endorsements that lower deductibles or add coverage for use of At-Bay's security tools.<ref name="homepage"/>
 
=== Security platform and services ===
 
🔍 '''At-Bay Stance.''' Under the At-Bay Stance brand, policyholders receive a suite of security services, many bundled at no extra cost, while others are available via an embedded fee.<ref name="homepage"/> Active risk monitoring performs regular vulnerability scans of insureds' networks and web presence, alerting businesses and brokers of critical findings with mitigation recommendations.<ref name="about"/> The Managed Detection and Response (MDR) service operates a 24/7 security operations center with a 15-minute average threat containment time, covering endpoints and cloud email with AI-based phishing protection.<ref name="homepage"/>
 
🚨 '''Fraud prevention and advisory.''' At-Bay offers an AI-powered Email Fraud Defense solution; policyholders who use it can receive enhanced coverage for financial fraud losses (e.g., social engineering funds transfer) up to $500,000.<ref name="homepage"/> Advisory services include virtual CISO (vCISO) advice, security awareness training, and incident response planning via tabletop exercises.<ref name="homepage"/> The in-house claims and incident response team coordinates breach response services — including forensic investigators, crisis PR, legal counsel, and credit monitoring — with partners such as CrowdStrike via a 2023 alliance to help SMBs recover faster.<ref name="about"/><ref name="homepage"/> One case study noted At-Bay helped a ransomware victim avoid paying ransom and resume operations in four days.<ref name="homepage"/>
 
=== Revenue model ===
 
💵 '''Commission-driven income.''' As an MGA, At-Bay's primary revenue comes from commissions on Gross Written Premium (GWP), typically in the 15–20% range for specialty lines (though At-Bay's specific rate is undisclosed). The company also earns contingent commissions from capacity providers when loss ratios stay below agreed thresholds — in 2021, it highlighted losses below 50% of the industry average, implying strong profitability for partner insurers.<ref name="seriesd_pr"/> Additional revenue sources include an embedded security fee covering At-Bay Stance platform costs included in certain policies and potential subscription revenue from standalone MDR sales to non-insurance clients, though this remains nascent.<ref name="homepage"/>
 
=== Distribution and go-to-market ===
 
🤝 '''Broker-centric channels.''' At-Bay relies on intermediated distribution, primarily through wholesale insurance brokers (CRC, RT Specialty, AmWINS, and similar firms) who serve regional retail agencies.<ref name="about"/> The Broker Platform is an online portal enabling real-time quotes, coverage customization, and policy binding within minutes.<ref name="about"/> At-Bay also offers APIs for programmatic quoting; its MPL product is delivered via API to insurtech distributors and small business platforms.<ref name="bw_mpl"/> An admitted cyber product launched in late 2022, available in 47 states, provides a fully digital quoting experience via embedded insurance partnerships.<ref name="admitted_launch">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Launches Admitted Cyber Insurance Product |url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/at-bay_at-bay-launches-admitted-cyber-insurance-activity-7021948171043975168-epVR |publisher=At-Bay via LinkedIn |date=November 2022}}</ref> Strategic alliances include a 2021 collaboration with Microsoft to help SMBs manage cyber risk proactively,<ref name="seriesd_ext"/> and a 2023 partnership with CrowdStrike to offer combined security solutions.<ref name="about"/>
 
=== Capacity structure ===
 
🏦 '''Evolution of risk-bearing.''' At-Bay's capacity has evolved from a single carrier (Hartford Steam Boiler/HSB, rated A++ by AM Best, from 2017–2021) to a diversified multi-carrier panel.<ref name="seriesd_ext"/><ref name="trisura_launch"/> In 2022, Trisura Specialty Insurance Company (A- rated) was introduced as a new fronting carrier while HSB increased its capital support as lead reinsurer, and At-Bay created its captive reinsurance subsidiary to retain a portion of each risk.<ref name="trisura_launch"/> With the acquisition of At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company in January 2023 and its AM Best A- rating in April 2023, At-Bay signaled a move to a full-stack model.<ref name="ambest_initial"/> By 2024, At-Bay Specialty ranked fourth among U.S. standalone cyber insurers by direct premium.<ref name="ambest_rankings">{{cite web |title=Best's Rankings: US P/C Stand-Alone Cybersecurity DPW Drop 7.8%; Chubb Jumps to No. 2 |url=https://news.ambest.com/newscontent.aspx?refnum=266700&altsrc=23 |publisher=AM Best |date=2024}}</ref> HSB's CUO described At-Bay as having "the most complete and successful risk mitigation model" he was aware of.<ref name="trisura_launch"/>
 
=== Competitive position ===
 
⚔️ '''Peer landscape.''' At-Bay is one of the leading players in the cyber insurance insurtech segment, often cited alongside Coalition, Corvus, Cowbell, and Resilience as the top cyber-focused MGAs.<ref name="stocker">{{cite web |title=Coalition |url=https://www.felixstocker.com/blog/coalition |publisher=Felix Stocker}}</ref> Coalition, the largest cyber MGA with approximately $630 million in premium in 2023, is the closest competitor — its cyber premium was roughly double At-Bay's ($630M vs. $301M).<ref name="stocker"/> Corvus, which encountered capacity issues and high loss ratios, was acquired by Travelers in 2023, underscoring At-Bay's stronger execution and maintained independence.<ref name="stocker"/> Cowbell Cyber faced setbacks when it lost a key capacity partner (Skyward Specialty) in early 2024,<ref name="stocker"/> while At-Bay managed to gain capacity throughout the 2021–2022 period.
 
🏆 '''Differentiators.''' At-Bay's value proposition centers on several competitive advantages. Its InsurSec model combines an insurance policy with continuous cybersecurity monitoring, yielding losses less than half the industry average and ransomware claim frequency seven times lower than peers.<ref name="seriesd_pr"/><ref name="seriesd_ext"/> Automated, data-driven underwriting incorporates technical scan data to quote many small risks instantly via API, including MPL auto-quotes in under two minutes.<ref name="bw_mpl"/> The broker-friendly platform (93 NPS) modernized the wholesale channel without disintermediating brokers.<ref name="about"/> AM Best's A- rating reflects a strong capital base and governance, and the company's incentive structure — offering enhanced coverage sub-limits or reduced deductibles for insureds adopting recommended security controls — aligns interests between insurer and insured.<ref name="homepage"/><ref name="ambest_reaffirm">{{cite web |title=AM Best Reaffirms Financial Strength Rating of At-Bay's Carrier as A- (Excellent) |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/am-best-reaffirms-carrier-rating/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=2025}}</ref>
 
{{Section separator}}
== PerformanceFunding driversand ownership ==
 
=== Premium growth ===
 
📈 '''Explosive scaling.''' At-Bay's Gross Written Premium has grown rapidly. In 2021, GWP run-rate surpassed $240 million — a 600% increase over 2020, implying approximately $40 million in 2020 GWP.<ref name="trisura_launch"/> By 2022, At-Bay exceeded $380 million in annual recurring GWP, a further 58% jump year-over-year despite a challenging market.<ref name="ij_rating"/> Growth was driven by both new customer acquisition and steep rate increases industry-wide (double- and triple-digit cyber premium hikes in 2021–2022 due to ransomware losses). At-Bay capitalized on the hard market cycle: while some carriers non-renewed or froze writings, At-Bay — armed with additional capacity — wrote more business at higher prices, particularly in the underserved SME segment where many businesses purchased cyber coverage for the first time.
 
The table below summarizes available operating KPIs.
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="font-size:0.85em; background-color:white; text-align:left;"
|+ 💰 At-Bay equity funding rounds, cumulative totals, and valuations (USD)
|+ style="text-align:left;" | '''Operating KPIs (selected)'''<ref name="trisura_launch"/><ref name="ij_rating"/><ref name="homepage"/><ref name="about"/><ref name="seriesd_pr"/>
! scope="col" style="text-align:center" | Round
! scope="col" style="text-align:center" | Date
! scope="col" style="text-align:right; width:7em" | Amount raised
! scope="col" style="text-align:center" | Lead investor(s)
! scope="col" style="text-align:center" | Notable co-investors
! scope="col" style="text-align:right; width:7em" | Post-money valuation
! scope="col" style="text-align:right; width:7em" | Cumulative funding
|-
| Seed || November 2017 || style="text-align:right" | $6M || Lightspeed Venture Partners || Shlomo Kramer; LocalGlobe || style="text-align:right" | — || style="text-align:right" | $6M
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | KPI
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2018
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2019
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2020
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2021
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2022
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | Notes / drivers
|-
| Series A || May 2018 || style="text-align:right" | $13M || Khosla Ventures; Lightspeed Venture Partners || Shlomo Kramer || style="text-align:right" | — || style="text-align:right" | $19M
| Gross Written Premium (GWP, $M)
| ND
| ND
| ~$40 (est.)
| ~$240 (run-rate)
| $380+
| Premium managed on behalf of carriers (surplus lines). Explosive growth from new business and rate increases.
|-
| Series B || February 2020 || style="text-align:right" | $34M || Munich Re Ventures; Acrew Capital || Khosla Ventures; Lightspeed Venture Partners; Shlomo Kramer || style="text-align:right" | — || style="text-align:right" | $53M
| Policyholders / customers
| ND
| ND
| ~5,000 (est.)
| ~18,000 (est.)
| ~30,000
| Cumulative businesses insured. By 2025, 40,000+ policyholders.
|-
| Series C || December 2020 || style="text-align:right" | $34M || Qumra Capital || M12; Acrew Capital; Munich Re Ventures; Khosla Ventures; Lightspeed Venture Partners || style="text-align:right" | — || style="text-align:right" | $87M
| Renewal retention rate (%)
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| Not publicly shared. Service value likely aided retention above industry norms.
|-
| Series D || July 2021 || style="text-align:right" | $185M || Icon Ventures; Lightspeed Venture Partners || Khosla Ventures; M12; Munich Re Ventures; Qumra Capital; Acrew Capital || style="text-align:right" | $1.35B || style="text-align:right" | $272M
| Average premium per policy ($)
| ND
| ND
| ~$8k (est.)
| ~$13k (est.)
| ~$12.7k (calc)
| Calculated: $380M GWP over ~30k policies ≈ $12.7k average. Rising rates pushed up average premium in 2021–2022.
|-
| Series D extension || October 2021 || style="text-align:right" | $20M || ION Crossover Partners || — || style="text-align:right" | $1.35B || style="text-align:right" | $292M
| Gross loss ratio (%)
| ND
| ND
| ND
| < 50% of industry
| < 50% of industry
| Ransomware claim frequency 7× lower than industry. Industry cyber loss ratios ~65–75%; At-Bay's implied at ~30–35%.
|-
| Net loss ratio (%)
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| ND
| ND
| Before 2022, At-Bay retained no net risk. Starting mid-2022, small retention via captive.
|-
| Entities actively monitored
| ND
| ND
| ND
| 1,000,000+ (est.)
| 1,500,000
| IT assets (servers, endpoints, IPs) scanned/monitored. Reflects breadth of At-Bay's risk visibility.
|-
| Employees (headcount)
| ~20–30 (est.)
| ~50–60 (est.)
| ~100 (est.)
| ~200 (est.)
| 300+
| Rapid growth. By early 2023, 300+ staff. Current ~340+.
|-
| Broker partners
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| N/A
| Licensed nationwide implies hundreds of agency relationships. Broker NPS = 93.
|}
 
💵 '''Total capital raised.''' At-Bay has raised $292M in total equity capital across four rounds, with the Series D and its extension totaling $205M. The $1.35B post-money valuation from the 2021 financing remains the last disclosed figure.<ref name="atbay-overview"/><ref name="atbay-seriesd"/><ref name="cm2017"/><ref name="wsj2018">{{cite web |title=Khosla, Lightspeed Bet on Cyber Insurance |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/khosla-lightspeed-bet-on-cyber-insurance-1525863600 |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |date=May 2018 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref><ref name="cm2020">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Raises $34M Series B |url=https://www.carriermanagement.com/news/2020/02/20/203467.htm |publisher=Carrier Management |date=20 February 2020 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref><ref name="techcrunch2020">{{cite web |title=Cyber insurance startup At-Bay raises $34M Series C, adds M12 as a new investor |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/12/08/cyber-insurance-startup-at-bay-raises-34m-series-c-adds-m12-as-a-new-investor/ |publisher=TechCrunch |date=8 December 2020 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref><ref name="ibm2020">{{cite web |title=At-Bay raises $34 million in Series C round |url=https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/us/news/cyber/atbay-raises-34-million-in-series-c-round-241883.aspx |publisher=Insurance Business Magazine |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref><ref name="atbay-seriesd-ext"/>
=== Analysis of performance drivers ===
 
👥 '''Customer growth.''' At-Bay's insured count grew both by expanding appetite to new classes and through broader distribution. Over time, the company expanded from tech companies and professional services to over 100 industries and increased its revenue threshold for larger clients.<ref name="about"/><ref name="mpl_doubles">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Doubles MPL Appetite to $50M and Adds 40 New Business Classes |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/at-bay-doubles-mpl/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=2022}}</ref> The admitted product launch further opened doors to micro-SMEs via embedded channels, and 40 new classes were added to MPL in 2023.<ref name="mpl_doubles"/>
 
📉 '''Loss ratio and risk selection.''' A standout performance driver is At-Bay's technical underwriting, which has translated to persistently low loss ratios. In mid-2021, ransomware claim frequency was reported at seven times lower than the industry average.<ref name="seriesd_ext"/> The root causes include proactive vulnerability patching (58% of ransomware attacks in 2023 originated from compromised remote access tools),<ref name="about"/><ref name="insursec_report">{{cite web |title=2025 InsurSec Report: Cyber Claims & Ransomware Data |url=https://www.at-bay.com/2025-insursec-report/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=2025}}</ref> rigorous risk selection and non-renewal of accounts with poor security, carefully structured policy sublimits and deductibles, and efficient in-house claims handling that reduces claim costs. The industry gross loss ratio for standalone cyber peaked around 75–100% in 2020–2021, while At-Bay has indicated its ratio has been far lower — possibly in the 30–40% gross range — a result that led capacity partners like HSB to expand their quota share backing in 2022.<ref name="trisura_launch"/>
 
⚙️ '''Efficiency and broker network.''' At-Bay writes approximately $1.3 million in GWP per employee, achieved via automation and not carrying claims reserves. The company's success in onboarding brokers — providing indications within minutes via its platform — has driven a virtuous cycle of high submission volume, enabling At-Bay to select only the best risks and reinforcing low loss ratios.<ref name="about"/> At-Bay's focus on providing ongoing value (via security scans, MDR, monthly vulnerability reports) creates stickiness that traditional insurers lack, supporting a healthy renewal book that forms a base for year-on-year growth.
 
🧩 '''Investor composition.''' The investor base combines generalist growth and early-stage venture funds, a strategic reinsurer venture arm (Munich Re Ventures), and a strategic corporate venture fund (M12, Microsoft's venture arm).<ref name="atbay-seriesd"/>
📊 '''Claims trends.''' Through 2022 and 2023, the cyber threat landscape shifted: ransomware frequency plateaued or declined while severity climbed, with average ransomware claim severity nearly reaching $500,000 in 2024.<ref name="insursec_report"/> At-Bay's agile underwriting responded by adjusting pricing models and encouraging controls, maintaining profitability through active portfolio management. AM Best noted At-Bay's "very strong balance sheet" with low underwriting leverage, indicating they were not straining capital.<ref name="ambest_initial"/>
 
{{Section separator}}
== Customer segments and underwriting scope ==
== Strategic priorities ==
 
🎯 '''Target segments.''' At-Bay serves close to 40,000 businesses in the United States with revenue up to $5B, framing its primary constituency as SMB.<ref name="atbay-overview"/> In June 2024, the company expanded its E&S cyber and tech E&O offering to cover businesses with up to $5B in revenue and aggregate limits up to $10M.<ref name="atbay-expands"/> A January 2023 carrier acquisition announcement cited more than 26,000 insureds at that time.<ref name="atbay-carrier-acq"/>
🧭 '''Product portfolio expansion.''' At-Bay has signaled intent to expand into additional specialty lines beyond cyber and Tech E&O as it grows its carrier platform.<ref name="ij_rating"/> Having already expanded into MPL, potential future areas include Directors & Officers (D&O) for technology companies, crime insurance focusing on cyber fraud, or other liability lines for the digital economy — all with a cyber/security adjacency leveraging At-Bay's analytical strengths.
 
📊 '''Customer mix.''' The book is SMB-heavy by count but increasingly extends into mid-market and enterprise segments by eligibility and limit architecture. SMB emphasis is reflected in At-Bay's positioning of its integrated InsurSec offering and large policyholder counts.<ref name="atbay-overview"/> Mid-market and larger-risk capability is supported by the higher revenue ceiling and aggregate limits, as well as At-Bay's capacity to write primary and excess cyber and tech E&O.<ref name="atbay-expands"/>
🏪 '''SME market penetration.''' Domestically, penetrating the small business market more deeply is a priority, hence the admitted product launch targeting businesses under $25 million in revenue via channels like small commercial package policies and fintech partners.<ref name="admitted_launch"/><ref name="stocker"/> The automation and API distribution strategy aims to make cyber insurance accessible for smaller enterprises, potentially expanding market penetration dramatically. International expansion has not been explicitly announced, though the Tel Aviv R&D presence facilitates global talent reach.
 
🚫 '''Industry restrictions.''' At-Bay's ransomware supplemental application indicates certain restricted industries such as gambling, adult content, and cannabis.<ref name="atbay-ransomware-app">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Ransomware Supplemental Application |url=https://www.at-bay.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AB-CYB-RWS-_-Ransomware-Supplemental-Application.pdf |publisher=At-Bay |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref>
🏛️ '''Full-stack carrier optimization.''' With At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company operational, strategic focus is on optimizing risk retention and underwriting control. Near-term priorities include gradually migrating more of its book onto its own balance sheet (subject to reinsurance), securing and maintaining strong credit ratings (A- initial rating achieved in 2023, reaffirmed in 2025),<ref name="ambest_initial"/><ref name="ambest_reaffirm"/> and investing in governance, compliance, and actuarial infrastructure to satisfy regulators and rating agencies.<ref name="carrier_intro"/> As Rotem Iram stated, these steps "cement our commitment to building a lasting insurance company."<ref name="carrier_intro"/>
 
💻 '''Technology and data roadmap.''' At-Bay will continue enhancing its proprietary cyber risk platform through AI and machine learning for threat intelligence and underwriting, expansion of the At-Bay Stance platform (potentially adding cloud security monitoring, supply chain risk assessments), scaling the MDR service through automation and partnerships, and continued improvements to the Broker Platform and APIs. Product innovation will include developing new coverage enhancements aligned with security services, building on the 2023 InsurSec offerings that bundled security with enhanced ransomware and fraud coverage.<ref name="homepage"/><ref name="newsroom">{{cite web |title=Company News, Announcements & Media Kit |url=https://www.at-bay.com/about/newsroom/ |publisher=At-Bay}}</ref>
 
🤝 '''Partnership and ecosystem strategy.''' At-Bay will maintain and diversify reinsurance partnerships (working with broker Guy Carpenter to expand its reinsurer panel),<ref name="trisura_launch"/> forge closer broker alliances, and pursue embedded insurance deals with cloud service providers or MSPs. Security vendor integrations with companies such as Tenable, Rapid7, or SentinelOne could drive co-marketing opportunities. The company may also engage more deeply with industry bodies and regulators to help shape cyber insurance frameworks.
 
🎯 '''Financial path.''' At-Bay's strategic plan likely includes a roadmap to profitability, with its loss ratio advantage providing a head start. A strategic goal will be reaching EBITDA breakeven in coming years by improving operating leverage — the tech platform allows handling increased premiums with only incremental staff increases. The hire of CFO Ari Fischel (who helped prepare Oscar Health for IPO) suggests At-Bay is considering public markets.<ref name="ij_rating"/>
 
{{Section separator}}
== Policy coverage and claims services ==
== P&L trends ==
 
📜 '''Policy structure.''' At-Bay's published Cyber Insurance Policy Form AB‑CYB‑001.2 (08/2023) is underwritten by At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company. The form uses a modular structure with multiple Insuring Agreements comprising third-party liability and first-party event costs, subject to an aggregate limit and sub-limits shown in declarations.<ref name="atbay-policyform">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Cyber Insurance Policy Form AB-CYB-001.2 |url=https://www.at-bay.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Cyber-Insurance-Policy-Form.pdf |publisher=At-Bay |date=August 2023 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref> Third-party coverages operate on a claims-made basis; first-party coverages are tied to events first discovered or disruptions first occurring during the policy period.<ref name="atbay-policyform"/>
=== Revenue composition ===
 
🛡️ '''First-party coverages.''' The policy form provides incident response and recovery costs comprising Technical Response Loss, Legal Services Loss, Public Relations Loss, Notification Loss, Reward Expense Loss, Credit Monitoring Loss, Data Recovery Loss, and System Restoration Loss across information privacy and network security events.<ref name="atbay-policyform"/> Business interruption coverage includes both direct and contingent business interruption with Business Interruption Loss and Extra Expense. Cyber extortion coverage addresses Extortion Loss tied to an Extortion Threat first discovered during the policy period. Financial fraud coverage encompasses Social Engineering (Fraudulent Inducement Loss) and Computer Fraud (Computer Crimes Loss).<ref name="atbay-policyform"/>
💰 '''Commission income.''' At-Bay's net revenues consist primarily of commission income from insurance premiums. If GWP in 2022 was $380 million and assuming an average commission rate of 15–20%, gross revenue would be on the order of $57–76 million (before profit commissions).<ref name="ij_rating"/> Given loss ratios under 50%, At-Bay likely earns significant contingent commissions from capacity providers. Reuters reported At-Bay had surpassed $160 million in annual recurring premium as of July 2021, though the company has not publicly stated GAAP revenue.<ref name="reuters_seriesd"/>
 
⚖️ '''Third-party coverages.''' Insuring Agreements include Information Privacy Liability, Regulatory Liability (explicitly including GDPR Penalties, Regulatory Penalties, and Regulatory Assessments and Expenses), PCI-DSS Liability, Network Security Liability, and Media Liability with a separate media event response component.<ref name="atbay-policyform"/>
=== Expense profile ===
 
⚠️ '''Key exclusions.''' The policy includes a War exclusion applying to Loss, Damages, or Claim Expenses arising out of war, invasion, acts of foreign enemies, and hostilities, with no carve-back language visible in the exclusion section. An Infrastructure exclusion covers electrical and mechanical failures and outages by service providers, with carve-backs for systems under the insured's direct operational control and certain privacy/network wrongful-act scenarios. A Prior Acts exclusion applies to third-party coverage tied to a retroactive date and subsidiary status.<ref name="atbay-policyform"/>
🏗️ '''Operating costs.''' At-Bay's expenses include people costs (salaries for approximately 300 employees across high-cost locations in San Francisco, New York, and Tel Aviv — likely the largest expense category), technology and R&D (platform development, cloud infrastructure, cybersecurity tools, and external data sources), marketing and broker relations, and administration (office leases, legal/compliance costs, carrier-related overhead). Starting in 2023, the company also incurs loss expenses for the portion of risk retained through its captive and carrier, though this share remains small. AM Best described At-Bay Specialty's operating performance outlook as "adequate" and expects underwriting and investment income to support surplus growth through 2023–2027.<ref name="ambest_initial"/>
 
🔧 '''Claims handling.''' At-Bay's Response & Recovery team of digital forensics and incident recovery experts is integrated with its claims process, providing in-house incident response capability.<ref name="atbay-security">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Security |url=https://www.at-bay.com/security/ |publisher=At-Bay |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref>
=== Profitability outlook ===
 
{{Section separator}}
📉 '''Growth over profit.''' At-Bay is still in growth mode and likely not yet profitable on a consolidated basis. Heavy investments in staff and technology, combined with retaining only a fraction of insurance economics, mean operating losses are probable — sustained by venture capital. However, the underlying unit economics are favorable: a sub-50% loss ratio and growing commission base suggest a clear path to profitability. As scale increases, if headcount growth decelerates relative to premium growth, At-Bay will approach breakeven. The strategy of retaining more risk as a carrier also creates potential for underwriting profit and investment income on float.<ref name="ambest_initial"/>
== Cybersecurity services and technology stack ==
 
🔒 '''InsurSec model.''' At-Bay positions itself as an InsurSec company combining insurance with security tooling and human services. As part of the quote process, it provides a Security Report including cyber risk analysis, industry data, and security recommendations.<ref name="atbay-security"/><ref name="atbay-secreport">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Security Report |url=https://www.at-bay.com/security-report/ |publisher=At-Bay |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref> The Stance Exposure Management platform provides scanning and monitoring of digital assets, prioritization of exposures, and access to Cyber Advisors.<ref name="atbay-exposure">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Stance Exposure Manager |url=https://www.at-bay.com/security/exposure-manager/ |publisher=At-Bay |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref>
The table below summarizes the estimated high-level income statement trends.
 
📡 '''Continuous monitoring and in-force services.''' At-Bay's security platform includes vulnerability scanning, dark web monitoring, AI-powered email fraud alerts, vCISO advisors, and security awareness training.<ref name="atbay-website"/> Enhancements include security awareness training and integrations for Microsoft and Google email platforms within the Stance offering.<ref name="atbay-enhancements">{{cite web |title=Enhancements to At-Bay's Unified Security Platform |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/enhancements-to-innovative-unified-security-platform/ |publisher=At-Bay |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref> Access to Stance Exposure Management is available to surplus cyber and tech E&O policyholders via an Embedded Security Fee and endorsement.<ref name="atbay-enhancements"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.85em; background-color:white; text-align:left;"
|+ style="text-align:left;" | '''Income statement summary (estimated, $M)'''<ref name="trisura_launch"/><ref name="ij_rating"/><ref name="seriesd_pr"/><ref name="ambest_initial"/>
|-
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | Metric
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2019
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2020
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2021
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2022
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2023 (est.)
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | Notes / drivers
|-
| Gross Written Premium (managed)
| ~$10–15 (est.)
| ~$40 (est.)
| ~$240 (run-rate)
| $380+ (ARR)
| ~$450 (ND)
| Growth driven by new business and rate increases. 2023 assumes continued ~20–30% growth.
|-
| Net revenue (commission & fees)
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| Commission income ~15–20% of GWP. 2022 potentially $60–70M range (calculated); officially ND.
|-
| Gross loss ratio (insurance program)
| ND
| ND
| < 50% of industry
| < 50% of industry (~30–40%)
| < 50% (est.)
| At-Bay consistently outperforms market. Industry ~65% in 2022 for standalone cyber.
|-
| Operating expenses
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| Includes payroll (300+ staff), R&D, marketing, admin. Some economies of scale beginning to manifest.
|-
| EBITDA (operating profit/loss)
| ND (negative)
| ND (negative)
| ND (negative)
| ND (negative)
| ND (breakeven goal)
| Likely net loss in all years given high growth spend. Aiming to approach breakeven.
|-
| Net income / net loss
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| Net losses funded by VC. Profit commissions narrow the gap. All earnings reinvested.
|}
 
🖥️ '''MDR and MXDR.''' MDR services are provided via At-Bay Security, LLC, offered separately from insurance coverage and not limited to policyholders.<ref name="atbay-website"/> A June 2024 announcement described enterprise-grade MDR powered by CrowdStrike with 24/7 monitoring via a Security Operations Center.<ref name="atbay-expands"/> In July 2025, At-Bay launched an MXDR platform and a strategic alliance with SentinelOne.<ref name="atbay-mxdr">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Launches New MXDR Platform |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/at-bay-launches-new-mxdr-platform/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=July 2025 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref>
🔀 '''Impact of retained risk.''' Starting in 2023, At-Bay's P&L includes earned premiums, losses, and expenses on the retained slice of business written through At-Bay Specialty and the captive. If loss ratio holds at approximately 35% and expense ratio at 40%, the combined ratio on retained business would be approximately 75% — a healthy 25% underwriting margin that would complement commission income from ceded portions. Investment income from the carrier's bond portfolio, benefiting from the higher interest rate environment, is a new contributor. AM Best noted investment income will contribute to At-Bay Specialty's results going forward.<ref name="ambest_initial"/>
 
{{Section separator}}
== Distribution and partnerships ==
== Balance sheet ==
 
🤝 '''Distribution architecture.''' At-Bay distributes through wholesale brokers and digital channels.<ref name="atbay-carrier-acq"/> The company operates a dedicated broker platform and pursues an API distribution strategy, reinforced by its acquisition of Relay, a multi-carrier digital distribution marketplace intended to remain operationally independent while complementing At-Bay's digital distribution approach.<ref name="atbay-relay">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Acquires Relay to Accelerate the Future of Specialty Insurance |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/at-bay-acquires-relay-to-accelerate-the-future-of-specialty-insurance/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=August 2022 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref>
🏦 '''Pre-carrier era.''' Before acquiring its carrier, At-Bay's balance sheet mainly reflected venture capital raised (as equity) and cash burn. The MGA did not hold insurance liabilities; those resided with partner insurers. With the addition of At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company in 2023, the balance sheet now includes typical insurance company items.
 
🏗️ '''Capacity and reinsurance evolution.''' In Phase 1 (pre-carrier issuance), At-Bay launched a program in May 2022 backed by Trisura Specialty Insurance Company as issuing carrier and The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company as largest capital provider and lead reinsurer, with additional capacity from a reinsurance panel placed by Guy Carpenter that included Skyward Specialty Insurance Group. At-Bay also formed a captive reinsurance company as part of this structure.<ref name="atbay-trisura">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Launches Trisura-Fronted Cyber Program |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/at-bay-launches-trisura-fronted-cyber-program-as-hsb-increases-capital-commitment/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=May 2022 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref> In Phase 2, At-Bay completed its acquisition of At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company in January 2023 and began issuing cyber and tech E&O policies on its own Delaware-based E&S carrier paper in August 2023, finalizing the transition to a full-stack carrier.<ref name="atbay-carrier-acq"/><ref name="atbay-issuing"/>
📦 '''Assets.''' Key asset categories include cash and investments (a significant reserve from $295.7 million in cumulative venture funding, with a portion used to capitalize At-Bay Specialty),<ref name="about"/> the carrier's conservative investment portfolio of high-quality bonds,<ref name="ambest_initial"/> premium receivables and commission receivables, potential intangible assets from the carrier acquisition (state insurance licenses value), and reinsurance recoverables on ceded losses (initially minimal given low claims). AM Best noted "strongest level of risk-adjusted capitalization" for At-Bay Specialty,<ref name="ambest_initial"/> implying robust surplus relative to premium.
 
⭐ '''Carrier rating.''' At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company received an A- rating from AM Best in April 2023 with a stable outlook.<ref name="ambest2023">{{cite web |title=AM Best Assigns Rating to At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company |url=https://news.ambest.com/newscontent.aspx?altsrc=23&refnum=249043 |publisher=AM Best |date=19 April 2023 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref><ref name="atbay-issuing"/> AM Best reaffirmed the A- rating with stable outlook in August 2025.<ref name="atbay-ambest-reaffirm">{{cite web |title=AM Best Reaffirms At-Bay Carrier Rating |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/am-best-reaffirms-carrier-rating/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=August 2025 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref>
📑 '''Liabilities.''' Pre-2023, At-Bay carried no loss reserves. Post-2023, At-Bay Specialty establishes loss and LAE reserves for incurred claims on its retained book (initially small as most business is heavily reinsured), unearned premium reserves for policies written on its carrier paper, and standard operating payables. The company carries no known debt — all expansion has been funded by equity.<ref name="about"/> Financial leverage is effectively zero.
 
The table below summarizes key balance sheet items.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.85em; background-color:white; text-align:left;"
|+ style="text-align:left;" | '''Balance sheet highlights ($M)'''<ref name="ambest_initial"/><ref name="about"/>
|-
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | Metric
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2019
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2020
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2021
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2022
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2023 (est.)
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | Notes / drivers
|-
| Total assets
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND (increased)
| 2023 jump from carrier's invested assets and capital infusion. Strong capitalization per AM Best.
|-
| – Cash & equivalents
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| Likely tens of millions. After Series D, cash possibly $100M+.
|-
| – Investments (bonds)
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| ND
| Carrier's bond portfolio initiated in 2023 (high quality, liquid). Provides investment income.
|-
| – Intangible assets
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| ND
| Arises from 2023 carrier acquisition. Value of insurance licenses from XL.
|-
| – Reinsurance recoverables
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| ND
| Appears 2023 onward for ceded losses. Minimal so far.
|-
| Total liabilities
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| Mostly operating payables historically. In 2023, includes insurance reserves. Heavily reinsured.
|-
| – Loss & LAE reserves (gross)
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| ND
| Zero prior to carrier. In 2023, some reserves for reported claims. Low given short-tail nature.
|-
| – Unearned premium (gross)
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| ND
| First appears 2023. Ceded largely to reinsurers.
|-
| – Debt
| $0
| $0
| $0
| $0
| $0
| No known debt. Expansion funded by equity.
|-
| Total shareholders' equity
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| $295.7M total VC contributed, offset by cumulative net losses. Carrier's statutory capital included from 2023.
|}
 
🏆 '''Competitive positioning.''' At-Bay frames its differentiation around the combined insurance and security model, claiming it can reduce loss frequency by proactively identifying and helping remediate exposures.<ref name="atbay-security"/> The transition from MGA/fronted structures to issuing on its own E&S paper is positioned as increasing agility and financial stability for brokers and customers.<ref name="atbay-issuing"/>
🔑 '''Capital adequacy.''' AM Best's A- rating indicates confidence in capital adequacy, with BCAR likely in the highest category.<ref name="ambest_initial"/> Underwriting leverage at the carrier is kept low initially, and the balance sheet strength is rated "Very Strong."<ref name="ambest_initial"/> Liquidity is strong: assets are largely marketable (cash and bonds), liabilities are short-duration, and reinsurance coverage mitigates risk.
 
{{Section separator}}
== CashFinancial and liquidityperformance ==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="font-size:0.85em"
💧 '''Operating cash flow.''' As an MGA, At-Bay collects premiums via brokers, retains its commission, and remits the balance to capacity providers. Commission income provides operating cash as policies are written, though operating expenses (salaries, rent, R&D) have historically exceeded this income, resulting in negative operating cash flow sustained by venture funding. Starting in 2023, At-Bay Specialty and the captive pay some claims directly, recovering from reinsurers for ceded portions — requiring liquidity for claims, though this volume remains small.
|+ 📊 At-Bay key financial indicators from company disclosures and carrier statutory-style reporting (USD)
 
! scope="col" style="text-align:center" | KPI
🏧 '''Liquidity position.''' Short-term liquidity is strong. The company has venture capital cash and incoming commissions from new business to cover near-term obligations. AM Best described the carrier's liquidity as "solid," with mostly cash and bonds that are highly liquid relative to liabilities.<ref name="ambest_initial"/> The parent company is backed by deep-pocketed investors who have historically provided additional capital when needed. No venture debt or material borrowing has been disclosed.
! scope="col" style="text-align:right; width:9em" | Most recent figure
 
! scope="col" style="text-align:right; width:7em" | Prior year
📊 '''Cash runway.''' Free cash flow has been negative in each year to date, though the burn rate appears manageable relative to funds raised. After the $205 million Series D (including extension) in 2021,<ref name="seriesd_ext"/> At-Bay maintained sufficient runway without emergency fundraising through 2023 and beyond, as evidenced by the absence of a major equity round since 2021. The trend is toward self-sustainability as commission revenues grow and expenses stabilize.
! scope="col" style="text-align:center" | Source
 
The table below provides an estimated summary of cash flow dynamics.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.85em; background-color:white; text-align:left;"
|+ style="text-align:left;" | '''Cash flow summary (estimated, $M)'''<ref name="seriesd_ext"/><ref name="reuters_seriesd"/><ref name="equitybee">{{cite web |title=Fund At-Bay stock options |url=https://equitybee.com/companies/At-Bay |publisher=EquityBee}}</ref><ref name="tc_seriesc">{{cite web |title=Cyber insurance startup At-Bay raises $34M Series C, adds M12 as a new investor |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/12/08/cyber-insurance-startup-at-bay-raises-34m-series-c-adds-m12-as-a-new-investor/ |publisher=TechCrunch |date=2020-12-08}}</ref>
|-
| GWP (company-stated run-rate) || style="text-align:right" | $240M (2021) || style="text-align:right" | — || At-Bay press release (May 2022)
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | Metric
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2019
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2020
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2021
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2022
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | FY2023 (est.)
! style="background-color:#e8e8e8;" | Notes / drivers
|-
| GWP growth rate (YoY) || style="text-align:right" | 600% (2021 vs. prior year) || style="text-align:right" | — || At-Bay press release (May 2022)
| Operating cash flow (±)
| ND (negative)
| ND (negative)
| ND (negative)
| ND (negative, improving)
| ND (toward breakeven)
| Cash used in operations each year. By 2022, commission inflows grew, reducing net burn.
|-
| Policy count (in force) || style="text-align:right" | 26,000+ insureds (January 2023) || style="text-align:right" | — || At-Bay carrier acquisition announcement
| Technology investment / capex
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| ND
| Mostly through OPEX (R&D). Tens of millions total over 2017–2023.
|-
| Carrier gross premium (statutory-style) || style="text-align:right" | $154.5M (2023) || style="text-align:right" | $0 (2022) || Florida surplus lines servicing report
| Acquisitions
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| ND
| Jan 2023 carrier acquisition — purchase price undisclosed. Main outlay was capitalizing surplus.
|-
| Carrier combined ratio || style="text-align:right" | 98% (2023) || style="text-align:right" | — || Florida surplus lines servicing report
| Free cash flow
| Negative
| Negative
| Negative
| Negative
| Near 0 (est.)
| Trend toward improvement as revenues catch up with expenses.
|-
| Carrier net income || style="text-align:right" | $1.29M (2023) || style="text-align:right" | $0.69M (2022) || Florida surplus lines servicing report
| Venture funding received
| ~$6 (est.)
| ~$34 (Series C)
| $185 + $20 (Series D & ext.)
| $3.7
| $0
| Total $295.7M raised. No further raises as of 2026.
|-
| Headcount || style="text-align:right" | 300+ || style="text-align:right" | — || At-Bay company overview
| Ending cash balance
| ND
| ND
| ND (high)
| ND (high)
| ND (adequate)
| Likely peaked after Series D (2021). Still significant, providing adequate runway.
|}
 
📈 '''Premium trajectory.''' At-Bay's disclosed premium scale moved from $240M in 2021 GWP run-rate to annual recurring gross written premium of $360M in 2022 and $380M as of the January 2023 carrier acquisition announcement.<ref name="atbay-trisura"/><ref name="atbay-carrier-acq"/> Carrier statutory-style reporting shows material written premium appearing in 2023, consistent with the transition toward issuing on At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company paper.<ref name="fslso2024"/>
⚠️ '''Systemic risk watchpoint.''' A truly catastrophic cyber event affecting many At-Bay insureds simultaneously could create a short-term liquidity crunch depending on retentions. However, high reinsurance coverage, catastrophe modeling, and the ability to tap investors or debt markets if needed presumably mitigate this risk. At-Bay has managed its cash judiciously — raising large amounts when valuations were favorable, using them to build durable capabilities, and moving toward a model where internal cash generation funds operations.
 
💹 '''Carrier profitability.''' Carrier-level reporting shows positive net income in 2022 ($0.69M) and 2023 ($1.29M) with a 2023 combined ratio of 98%, indicating marginally profitable underwriting on a statutory basis.<ref name="fslso2024"/>
 
{{Section separator}}
== Risk and compliancefactors ==
 
🔄 '''Reinsurance dependency.''' Although At-Bay has moved to issuing on its own E&S carrier, its disclosed and implied structures still rely heavily on reinsurance and program-type capital provision, as evidenced by disclosures naming a lead reinsurer in the prior fronted structure and carrier reporting listing major reinsurers.<ref name="atbay-trisura"/><ref name="fslso2024"/>
=== Risk management framework ===
 
🌐 '''Systemic cyber aggregation.''' At-Bay's product scope includes first-party business interruption, extortion, and other coverages that can aggregate in systemic events. The policy form and product disclosures confirm these coverages exist; scenario-specific aggregation controls are not publicly detailed.<ref name="atbay-policyform"/>
🏛️ '''Governance structure.''' The board of directors oversees risk strategy, with independent directors Gregg Davis and Rob Glanville (added in 2023) bringing insurance expertise to the carrier's governance.<ref name="carrier_intro"/> AM Best rated At-Bay's enterprise risk management (ERM) as "appropriate" for its risk profile, specifically highlighting the Active Risk Monitoring (ARM) approach that identifies portfolio issues in real-time.<ref name="ambest_initial"/> The company performs active catastrophe management — identifying potential systemic cyber events and quantifying portfolio exposure to inform underwriting guidelines.<ref name="ambest_initial"/>
 
🏛️ '''Regulatory risk.''' At-Bay's evolution includes a regulated change-of-control process for the carrier through the Delaware Department of Insurance, illustrating the significance of regulatory approvals and ongoing oversight for corporate actions.<ref name="delaware-doi"/>
🔬 '''Underwriting controls.''' At-Bay's underwriting is model-driven, with technical scan data automatically incorporated into the quote process. An internal underwriting committee reviews large or unusual risks, and pricing models are updated frequently as new threat data emerges. Claims management under Tara Bodden (General Counsel & Head of Claims)<ref name="about"/> not only pays claims but actively manages incidents to control costs, with a preferred response partners list ensuring quality and cost-efficiency.<ref name="about"/> Lessons from claims feed back into underwriting guidelines.
 
⚙️ '''Technology execution risk.''' A material portion of At-Bay's differentiation depends on execution of security services, some embedded via endorsement and some sold through an affiliate. Operational failure, adverse customer outcomes, or vendor dependency — notably MDR technology powered by third parties — could affect underwriting outcomes and reputational standing.<ref name="atbay-enhancements"/>
=== Regulatory and compliance ===
 
🔗 '''Acquisition integration.''' The acquisition of Relay is framed as an integration into At-Bay's distribution strategy while keeping Relay operationally independent; governance and commercial alignment risks remain.<ref name="atbay-relay"/>
📜 '''Licensing and filings.''' At-Bay Insurance Services LLC is licensed as a producer in all 50 states and D.C.<ref name="homepage"/> At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company is eligible as a surplus lines insurer in 44 states.<ref name="ij_carrier">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Acquires Licensed P&C Insurance Carrier |url=https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2023/01/24/704338.htm |publisher=Insurance Journal |date=2023-01-24}}</ref> The admitted cyber product is available in 47 states.<ref name="admitted_launch"/> As a carrier, At-Bay Specialty files NAIC annual statements and is subject to examination by Delaware regulators. The company maintains SOC 2 certification for data security compliance.<ref name="homepage"/>
 
=== Key risk categories ===
 
🌐 '''Cyber catastrophe / accumulation.''' This is arguably the top risk: a single event causing losses to a large swath of insureds simultaneously (e.g., a major cloud provider hack or widespread malware akin to NotPetya). At-Bay manages this by monitoring common dependencies, capping exposure, purchasing aggregate stop-loss reinsurance, and retaining limited net exposure. ERM explicitly addresses cyber catastrophe modeling.<ref name="ambest_initial"/>
 
📊 '''Attritional loss risk.''' Day-to-day claim frequency or severity higher than expected — such as a surge in ransomware targeting SMEs — poses ongoing risk. Average ransomware claim severity rose approximately 47% for mid-sized companies in 2024.<ref name="insursec_report"/> At-Bay mitigates through pricing adjustments, mandating controls, and reducing ransomware coverage retentions for MDR users.<ref name="homepage"/>
 
🏦 '''Capacity risk.''' At-Bay cedes the majority of risk to reinsurers. If a major capacity provider withdrew (as happened to Cowbell when Skyward Specialty exited),<ref name="stocker"/> At-Bay could face a capacity crunch. The company has mitigated this by diversifying across multiple reinsurers and establishing its own carrier. HSB/Munich Re increased commitment, indicating comfort with At-Bay's results.<ref name="trisura_launch"/>
 
🔒 '''Technology and data risks.''' At-Bay holds sensitive vulnerability data about clients' systems, making it a potential target for hackers. A breach of At-Bay's own systems would be reputationally devastating. The company maintains SOC 2 compliance and presumably invests heavily in internal cybersecurity.<ref name="homepage"/> Model risk — the possibility that the proprietary underwriting scoring algorithm has blind spots — is mitigated by continuous updates and expert underwriter oversight.
 
⚖️ '''Regulatory risk.''' Evolving insurance regulations, new privacy laws (CPRA, state-level GDPR analogues), potential bans on ransom payments by insurers, and possible federal cyber insurance backstops could alter the competitive landscape. At-Bay must also ensure OFAC compliance for ransom payments and maintain proper surplus lines documentation across all states.
 
🧑‍💼 '''Key person risk.''' Co-founders Rotem Iram and Roman Itskovich are closely associated with At-Bay's vision and risk approach. However, the company has built a broader executive team (President of Insurance, CFO, CUO, CTO, General Counsel) to mitigate succession risk. Retention of cybersecurity engineering talent — in a competitive market — is managed via equity incentives, mission-driven culture, and the Tel Aviv talent pipeline.
 
{{Section separator}}
== GovernanceStrategy and ESGoutlook ==
 
🎯 '''Three strategic pillars.''' At-Bay's public actions indicate a coherent strategy built on three operational pillars: vertical integration into risk bearing via acquisition of an E&S carrier and subsequent issuance on its own paper; integrated insurance and security via the Stance platform, embedded security economics, and separate MDR commercialization; and distribution modernization via broker platform and API strategy, reinforced by acquisition of Relay as a multi-carrier marketplace.<ref name="atbay-carrier-acq"/><ref name="atbay-enhancements"/><ref name="atbay-relay"/>
=== Governance structure ===
 
📦 '''Product expansion.''' In October 2025, At-Bay launched InsurSec packages combining security and insurance enhancements tied to ransomware and financial fraud protection.<ref name="atbay-insursec">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Launches InsurSec Solutions for Ransomware and Financial Fraud |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/launches-industry-first-solutions-that-unlock-crucial-cyber-insurance-coverage-for-ransomware-and-financial-fraud/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=October 2025 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref> At-Bay has stated ambitions to expand into additional specialty lines beyond its current cyber, tech E&O, and MPL portfolio.<ref name="atbay-relay"/>
👥 '''Board composition.''' The Board of Directors of At-Bay, Inc. includes founder-executives, investor representatives (Preeti Rathi of Icon Ventures, Yoni Cheifetz of Lightspeed),<ref name="seriesd_pr"/> and — at the carrier level — independent directors Gregg Davis (former insurer CFO) and Rob Glanville (insurance investment specialist), added in 2023 to satisfy regulatory expectations and provide seasoned oversight.<ref name="carrier_intro"/> No single investor has overwhelming control; the governance structure is a typical VC syndicate where major investors and founders align on significant decisions.
 
🎯 '''Management incentives.''' Management and employees are compensated with salary plus equity (stock options), common for VC-backed companies. The management team is motivated by the prospect of an eventual liquidity event (IPO or acquisition). Retention mechanisms include standard vesting schedules, and the hire of experienced executives like CFO Ari Fischel (formerly of Oscar Health during its IPO) aligns management with profitability and public-market readiness objectives.<ref name="ij_rating"/>
 
=== ESG profile ===
 
🌍 '''Environmental.''' As a service- and software-centric company, At-Bay's direct environmental footprint is minimal (a few offices, travel, cloud computing usage). The company has not highlighted specific climate or environmental initiatives.
 
🤲 '''Social.''' At-Bay's business model has a positive social dimension: it helps SMBs manage cyber risk, providing tools and guidance plus financial protection to keep small businesses operational after incidents. The company's admitted product for micro-SMEs exemplifies an effort to close the cyber protection gap.<ref name="admitted_launch"/> The workforce is geographically diverse across San Francisco, New York, Tel Aviv, and other offices, with a remote-first approach noted for Los Angeles.<ref name="about"/>
 
🏢 '''Governance (ESG context).''' The carrier's board now includes independent directors, approaching near-public company governance standards. Internal codes of conduct presumably govern handling of sensitive data and conflicts of interest. At-Bay publishes semi-transparent performance data through research reports (InsurSec Report, Email Security Rankings),<ref name="insursec_report"/><ref name="about"/> contributing industry-wide data to the understanding of cyber trends. No ESG controversies, discrimination suits, data misuse incidents, or regulatory fines have been reported.
 
{{Section separator}}
== CapitalCompany actionstimeline ==
 
* 2016 — Company founded by Rotem Iram and Roman Itskovich, among others.<ref name="atbay-overview"/>
=== Equity funding rounds ===
* November 2017 — Seed financing of $6M led by Lightspeed Venture Partners.<ref name="cm2017"/>
 
* May 2018 — Series A financing of $13M led by Khosla Ventures and Lightspeed Venture Partners.<ref name="atbay-seriesa">{{cite web |title=Announcing our $13M Series A |url=https://medium.com/at-bay/announcing-our-13m-series-a-and-how-weve-been-redesigning-cyber-insurance-68b760bb1356 |publisher=At-Bay (Medium) |date=May 2018 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref>
🌱 '''Seed through Series C.''' At-Bay secured seed funding around 2016–2017 from early backers including Lightspeed Venture Partners, Glilot Capital, and angel investor Shlomo Kramer (estimated $2–5 million).<ref name="about"/> Series A followed in 2018 (Lightspeed, Khosla Ventures; estimated $6–8 million),<ref name="tracxn">{{cite web |title=At-Bay - 2026 Company Profile |url=https://tracxn.com/d/companies/at-bay/__4_DW31MdO2UHzG-BGWan8zNGnZIjKtyWSkTy7RAzFZg |publisher=Tracxn}}</ref> and Series B in mid-2019 (~$13 million, reportedly led by Khosla Ventures). In December 2020, At-Bay raised $34 million in Series C led by Qumra Capital with participation from M12 (Microsoft's Venture Fund) and all existing investors, bringing total funding to approximately $74 million.<ref name="tc_seriesc"/>
* February 2020 — Series B financing of $34M led by Munich Re Ventures and Acrew Capital.<ref name="cm2020"/>
 
* December 2020 — Series C financing of $34M led by Qumra Capital, with M12 joining.<ref name="techcrunch2020"/>
🦄 '''Series D and unicorn status.''' In July 2021, At-Bay closed a $185 million Series D at a $1.35 billion post-money valuation, co-led by Icon Ventures and Lightspeed with participation from all major existing backers.<ref name="reuters_seriesd"/><ref name="seriesd_pr"/> This made At-Bay a unicorn and was one of the largest cyber insurtech funding rounds at the time. In October 2021, a $20 million extension was raised from new investor ION Crossover Partners at the same $1.35 billion valuation, bringing total Series D funding to $205 million and cumulative funding to $292 million.<ref name="seriesd_ext"/> ION's Jonathan Kolodny noted At-Bay's opportunity to redesign insurance and help reach "successful outcomes."<ref name="seriesd_ext"/>
* July 2021 — Series D financing of $185M at $1.35B valuation.<ref name="atbay-seriesd"/>
 
* October 2021 — $20M Series D extension with ION Crossover Partners.<ref name="atbay-seriesd-ext"/>
💼 '''Recent capital activity.''' In September 2022, At-Bay raised approximately $3.7 million in an undisclosed venture round, bringing total official funding to $295.7 million.<ref name="equitybee"/><ref name="about"/> The small size relative to prior rounds suggests it was a strategic investment or insider top-up rather than a cash-necessity raise. The last known valuation remains $1.35 billion (mid-2021). No further equity raises have occurred as of 2026; the company appears to be managing within its means and preparing for an eventual IPO or other liquidity event.
* May 2022 — Trisura-fronted cyber program launched; Hartford Steam Boiler disclosed as largest capital provider and lead reinsurer; At-Bay forms captive reinsurer; reinsurance placed by Guy Carpenter.<ref name="atbay-trisura"/>
 
* August 2022 — MPL product launched and Relay acquired.<ref name="atbay-mpl">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Expands Offering with MPL |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/at-bay-expands-offering-with-mpl/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=August 2022 |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref><ref name="atbay-relay"/>
=== Investor base ===
* December 2022 — Delaware regulator notice of public hearing on acquisition of control of XL Select Insurance Company by At-Bay, Inc.<ref name="delaware-doi"/>
 
* January 24, 2023 — At-Bay completes acquisition of E&S carrier from XL Insurance America.<ref name="atbay-carrier-acq"/>
🏢 '''Diversified syndicate.''' The investor mix is well-rounded: top-tier Sand Hill Road VCs (Lightspeed, Khosla), corporate venture (M12/Microsoft, Munich Re Ventures), Israeli VCs (Glilot, Qumra), and a crossover fund (ION Crossover). Munich Re Ventures is a notable strategic investor — not only investing in multiple rounds but also providing capacity via HSB, aligning underwriting and investment interests.<ref name="reuters_seriesd"/> Founders likely retain approximately 20%+ combined ownership after dilution across eight rounds, though exact stakes are undisclosed. ION Crossover's presence as a late-stage specialist suggests the company had been eyeing public markets.
* April 19, 2023 — AM Best assigns A- rating (stable outlook) to At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company.<ref name="ambest2023"/>
 
* August 2023 — At-Bay begins issuing cyber and tech E&O policies on its own E&S paper.<ref name="atbay-issuing"/>
=== Path to liquidity ===
* June 2024 — E&S coverage expanded to businesses up to $5B revenue and aggregate limits up to $10M; MDR described as powered by CrowdStrike.<ref name="atbay-expands"/>
 
* August 2025 — AM Best reaffirms A- rating with stable outlook.<ref name="atbay-ambest-reaffirm"/>
🚀 '''Exit considerations.''' The preferred path appears to be an IPO, given ION Crossover's involvement (crossover funds typically invest one to two years pre-IPO) and the high valuation. Market conditions delayed many fintech IPOs post-2022, and At-Bay will likely target profitability or near-profitability before going public, differentiating from earlier loss-making insurtech IPOs (Lemonade, Root). Acquisition by a large insurer or reinsurer remains a theoretical alternative, though At-Bay's strong independent position and investor expectations for a billion-dollar-plus exit make this less likely. No dividends or distributions have been made; all funds are reinvested into growth.
* October 2025 — InsurSec packages launched combining security and insurance enhancements for ransomware and financial fraud protection.<ref name="atbay-insursec"/>
 
{{Section separator}}
== KeySee timelinealso ==
* [[Cyber insurtech MGAs and underwriting agencies]]
 
* '''2016:''' At-Bay founded in Tel Aviv and San Francisco by Rotem Iram and Roman Itskovich. Incorporated in Delaware as At-Bay, Inc.<ref name="carrier_intro"/>
* '''2017:''' Seed funding raised from Lightspeed, Glilot Capital, and Shlomo Kramer (estimated few million USD).<ref name="about"/>
* '''2018:''' Series A funding (Lightspeed, Khosla). First capacity partnership secured with Hartford Steam Boiler (HSB, A++ rated).<ref name="seriesd_ext"/>
* '''Q1 2019:''' First cyber policies written (surplus lines) in select states, targeting tech startups and professional services.
* '''Mid-2019:''' Series B (~$13M, reportedly led by Khosla Ventures). Surplus lines approvals expanded countrywide.
* '''Dec 2020:''' Series C ($34M) led by Qumra Capital; M12 (Microsoft) joins as new investor.<ref name="tc_seriesc"/> GWP approximately $40M; ~1,000 customers.
* '''H1 2021:''' Reported 800% YoY premium growth and $160M annual recurring premium run-rate. Ransomware claim frequency 7× lower than industry.<ref name="reuters_seriesd"/><ref name="seriesd_ext"/> Microsoft collaboration announced in June 2021.<ref name="seriesd_ext"/>
* '''Jul 2021:''' Series D ($185M) at $1.35B valuation — unicorn status. Co-led by Icon Ventures and Lightspeed.<ref name="reuters_seriesd"/>
* '''Sep 2021:''' Miscellaneous Professional Liability (MPL) product launched via API.<ref name="mpl_launch">{{cite web |title=At-Bay Expands Insurance Offerings With Launch of Miscellaneous Professional Liability |url=https://www.at-bay.com/press_releases/at-bay-expands-offering-with-mpl/ |publisher=At-Bay |date=September 2021}}</ref>
* '''Oct 2021:''' Series D extension ($20M) from ION Crossover Partners. Total funding $292M.<ref name="seriesd_ext"/>
* '''Jan 2022:''' Trisura-fronted program launched; HSB increases capital commitment; captive reinsurance formed. At-Bay retains risk for the first time.<ref name="trisura_launch"/>
* '''Mid/Late 2022:''' Admitted cyber product launched in 47 states via digital channels.<ref name="admitted_launch"/> GWP exceeds $380M ARR; ~30,000 policyholders.<ref name="ij_rating"/>
* '''Sep 2022:''' Minor venture round ($3.7M). Total funding reaches $295.7M.<ref name="equitybee"/><ref name="about"/>
* '''Jan 2023:''' Acquisition of E&S carrier from AXA XL, renamed At-Bay Specialty Insurance Company. Licensed in 44 states for surplus lines.<ref name="carrier_intro"/><ref name="ij_carrier"/>
* '''Apr 2023:''' AM Best assigns Financial Strength Rating of A- (Excellent) with stable outlook. Ari Fischel hired as CFO.<ref name="ambest_initial"/><ref name="ij_rating"/>
* '''Mid-2023:''' At-Bay Specialty goes live, writing new and renewal policies on own carrier paper.
* '''Late 2023:''' Publication of 2025 InsurSec Report; 80% of ransomware claims traced to remote access tools.<ref name="insursec_report"/>
* '''2024:''' At-Bay Specialty ranks #4 among U.S. standalone cyber insurers by direct premium.<ref name="ambest_rankings"/> AM Best reaffirms A- rating.<ref name="ambest_reaffirm"/>
* '''2025:''' Over 40,000 policyholders across 100+ industries; 340+ employees; 1.5 million IT assets monitored.<ref name="homepage"/><ref name="about"/>
 
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