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== Introduction ==
'''''Mindset''''' is a psychology book by Stanford University psychologist Carol S. Dweck that contrasts “fixed” and “growth” mindsets and explains how beliefs about ability shape achievement across school, work, sports, and relationships.<ref name="PRH2006" /> Drawing on decades of research, Dweck argues that seeing abilities as developable—through effort, strategies, and feedback—supports learning and resilience, whereas treating them as fixed tends to undermine persistence.<ref name="PRH2006" /> The prose is example-driven and practical (including a self-assessment checklist), and later updates add guidance on avoiding a “false growth mindset” and on applying the idea to group cultures.<ref name="PW2005">{{cite web |title=Mindset: The New Psychology of Success |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781400062751 |website=Publishers Weekly |publisher=PWxyz, LLC |date=19 December 2005 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="PRH2006" /> The publisher bills the book as a million-copy bestseller, and its ideas continue to circulate widely among educators and managers.<ref name="PRH2006" /><ref name="WaPo2023">{{cite news |title=Growth mind-set: Why friends, family and work matter |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2023/06/19/growth-mindset/ |work=The Washington Post |date=19 June 2023 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref> It also charted on The Washington Post’s weekly paperback nonfiction list in 2017, appearing on 25 June and again on 13 August that year.<ref name="WaPo2017Jun25">{{cite news |title=Washington Post bestsellers: June 25, 2017 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/2017/06/22/0919588c-568c-11e7-840b-512026319da7_story.html |work=The Washington Post |date=22 June 2017 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="WaPo2017Aug13">{{cite news |title=Washington Post bestsellers: August 13, 2017 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/2017/08/11/ab95065e-7d44-11e7-b2b1-aeba62854dfa_story.html |work=The Washington Post |date=11 August 2017 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref>
== Chapter summary ==
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🔄 '''8 – Changing mindsets.'''
== Background & reception ==
🖋️ '''Author & writing'''. Carol S. Dweck is the Lewis and Virginia Eaton Professor of Psychology at Stanford University, where her work examines how self-conceptions influence motivation and achievement.<ref name="StanfordProfile">{{cite web |title=Carol Dweck |url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/carol-dweck |website=Stanford Profiles |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref> In a retrospective with David Yeager, she traces mindset research from early laboratory studies to large, multi-site school trials over several decades.<ref name="DweckYeager2019">{{cite journal |last=Dweck |first=Carol S. |author2=Yeager, David S. |date=2019 |title=Mindsets: A View From Two Eras |journal=Perspectives on Psychological Science |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=481–496 |doi=10.1177/1745691618804166 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6594552/ |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref> With ''Mindset'' (2006), Dweck set out to translate this scholarship for general readers, organizing examples from classrooms, teams, and companies around the fixed/growth contrast.<ref name="PRH2006" /> Reviewers noted the book’s practical tone and the inclusion of a checklist to gauge one’s own mindset.<ref name="PW2005" /> Later updates added advice on avoiding a “false growth mindset,” a theme Dweck clarified in a widely read Harvard Business Review essay.<ref name="PRH2006" /><ref name="HBR2016">{{cite web |last=Dweck |first=Carol |title=What Having a “Growth Mindset” Actually Means |url=https://hbr.org/2016/01/what-having-a-growth-mindset-actually-means |website=Harvard Business Review |date=13 January 2016 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref>
📈 '''Commercial reception'''. The publisher describes ''Mindset'' as a million-copy bestseller in its updated edition materials.<ref name="PRH2006" /> The title appeared on The Washington Post’s paperback nonfiction bestsellers during mid-2017, including the weeks of 25 June and 13 August.<ref name="WaPo2017Jun25" /><ref name="WaPo2017Aug13" /> It also features in Publishers Weekly’s 25-year roundup of bestselling print titles, listed as “Mindset: The New Psychology of Success (2007), Ballantine.”<ref name="PW25Years">{{cite news |title=25 Years of Bestselling Authors and Books |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/bookselling/article/89042-25-years-of-bestselling-authors-and-books.html |work=Publishers Weekly |date=19 April 2022 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref>
👍 '''Praise'''. Publishers Weekly’s pre-publication review called it “a serious, practical book,” highlighting how the framework applies across business, sports, and love.<ref name="PW2005" /> Library Journal (starred) is quoted by the publisher as calling the book “an essential read for parents, teachers [and] coaches,” noting its broad usefulness.<ref name="PRH2006" /> In coverage of the idea’s continuing reach, The Washington Post reported that Dweck’s framework still shapes how educators and managers teach, critique, and motivate students and workers.<ref name="WaPo2023" />
👎 '''Criticism'''. A major meta-analysis by Sisk, Burgoyne and colleagues (2018) found that average links between mindset and achievement and the effects of mindset interventions on grades were weak overall, with somewhat larger benefits for at-risk students.<ref name="Sisk2018">{{cite journal |last=Sisk |first=Victoria F. |author2=Burgoyne, Alexander P. |author3=Sun, Jianan |author4=Butler, Jamie L. |author5=Macnamara, Brooke N. |date=2018 |title=To What Extent and Under Which Circumstances Are Growth Mind-Sets Important to Academic Achievement? |journal=Psychological Science |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=549–571 |doi=10.1177/0956797617739704 |url=https://englelab.gatech.edu/articles/2018/Sisk%2C%20Burgoyne%20et%20al.%20%282018%29%20-%20Mindset%20and%20Academic%20Achievement.pdf |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref> In England, the Education Endowment Foundation’s large “Changing Mindsets” trial reported no additional progress in literacy or numeracy for participating Year 6 pupils compared with controls.<ref name="EEF2019">{{cite news |title=EEF publishes new evaluation reports, including findings from ‘growth mindsets’ approach |url=https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/news/eef-publishes-findings-from-growth-mindsets-approach |work=Education Endowment Foundation |date=11 July 2019 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref> Practitioner overviews have also cautioned that classroom evidence is limited and that the idea is often misunderstood when reduced to praising effort alone.<ref name="TES2023">{{cite web |title=What is growth mindset? |url=https://www.tes.com/magazine/tes-explains/what-growth-mindset |website=TES |date=2023 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref> At the same time, a U.S. national randomized study (Nature, 2019) found small but positive effects of a brief online growth-mindset program, especially for lower-achieving ninth-graders, underscoring mixed but nuanced results across contexts.<ref name="Yeager2019">{{cite journal |last=Yeager |first=David S. |author2=et al. |date=2019 |title=A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement |journal=Nature |volume=573 |pages=364–369 |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1466-y |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1466-y |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref>
🌍 '''Impact & adoption'''. In corporate culture, Microsoft under CEO Satya Nadella has explicitly promoted “growth mindset” as a touchstone for organizational learning and change, with Nadella discussing it publicly at Davos and in interviews.<ref name="Telegraph2018">{{cite news |title=Microsoft chief Satya Nadella: 'We're on the right side of history' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2018/05/27/microsoft-chief-satya-nadella-right-side-history/ |work=The Telegraph |date=27 May 2018 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph2020">{{cite news |title=Davos live: Nadella says Microsoft aims for a ‘growth mindset’ culture |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2020/01/23/davos-wef-markets-live-latest-news-pound-euro-ftse-100/ |work=The Telegraph |date=23 January 2020 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref> In education and management, The Washington Post has documented the concept’s continuing influence on how teachers and bosses give feedback and frame challenge.<ref name="WaPo2023" /> Large-scale school implementations have been studied experimentally, including a U.S. national trial delivering a brief online program to ninth-graders at scale.<ref name="Yeager2019" /> The book has also drawn high-profile endorsements, such as a favorable write-up on Bill Gates’s GatesNotes, which helped broaden mainstream awareness.<ref name="Gates2015">{{cite web |title=‘Mindset’ by Carol Dweck |url=https://www.gatesnotes.com/mindset-the-new-psychology-of-success |website=GatesNotes |date=7 December 2015 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref>
== Related content & more ==
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