Thinking, Fast and Slow

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"We can be blind to the obvious, and we are also blind to our blindness."

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"Nothing in life is as important as you think it is when you are thinking about it."

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"A reliable way to make people believe in falsehoods is frequent repetition, because familiarity is not easily distinguished from truth."

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"The idea that the future is unpredictable is undermined every day by the ease with which the past is explained."

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"When directly compared or weighted against each other, losses loom larger than gains."

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"The confidence people have in their beliefs is not a measure of the quality of evidence but of the coherence of the story the mind has managed to construct."

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"This is the essence of intuitive heuristics: when faced with a difficult question, we often answer an easier one instead, usually without noticing the substitution."

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"Our comforting conviction that the world makes sense rests on a secure foundation: our almost unlimited ability to ignore our ignorance."

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"We are prone to overestimate how much we understand about the world and to underestimate the role of chance in events."

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"The experiencing self does not have a voice. The remembering self is sometimes wrong, but it is the one that keeps score and governs what we learn from living, and it is the one that makes decisions."

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Introduction

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Chapter summary

This outline follows the Farrar, Straus and Giroux hardcover edition (25 October 2011; ISBN 978-0-374-27563-1).[1]

I – Two Systems

👥 1 – The Characters of the Story.

🎯 2 – Attention and Effort.

🦥 3 – The Lazy Controller.

🧩 4 – The Associative Machine.

😌 5 – Cognitive Ease.

🎉 6 – Norms, Surprises, and Causes.

🤸 7 – A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions.

⚖️ 8 – How Judgments Happen.

🔄 9 – Answering an Easier Question.

II – Heuristics and Biases

🔢 10 – The Law of Small Numbers.

11 – Anchors.

📊 12 – The Science of Availability.

⚠️ 13 – Availability, Emotion, and Risk.

🎓 14 – Tom W’s Specialty.

👩 15 – Linda: Less is More.

🔗 16 – Causes Trump Statistics.

📉 17 – Regression to the Mean.

🐎 18 – Taming Intuitive Predictions.

III – Overconfidence

🪞 19 – The Illusion of Understanding.

20 – The Illusion of Validity.

21 – Intuitions vs. Formulas.

🧠 22 – Expert Intuition: When can we trust it?.

🌍 23 – The Outside View.

⚙️ 24 – The Engine of Capitalism.

IV – Choices

🎲 25 – Bernoulli’s Errors.

📈 26 – Prospect Theory.

🪙 27 – The Endowment Effect.

💥 28 – Bad Events.

🧮 29 – The Fourfold Pattern.

🦄 30 – Rare Events.

🛡️ 31 – Risk Policies.

🏅 32 – Keeping Score.

🔃 33 – Reversals.

🖼️ 34 – Frames and Reality.

V – Two Selves

🫂 35 – Two Selves.

📖 36 – Life as a Story.

🙂 37 – Experienced Well-Being.

🤔 38 – Thinking About Life.

Related content & more

YouTube videos

Daniel Kahneman on “Thinking, Fast and Slow” — Talks at Google (62 min)
Animated summary — Productivity Game (9 min)

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References

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